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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________________
FORM 10-Q
____________________________________
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission File No. 001-13300
____________________________________
CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
____________________________________
Delaware
 
54-1719854
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1680 Capital One Drive,
 
 
McLean,
Virginia
 
22102
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (703) 720-1000
(Not applicable)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
____________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock (par value $.01 per share)
COF
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series F
COF PRF
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series G
COF PRG
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series H
COF PRH
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series I
COF PRI
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series J
COF PRJ
New York Stock Exchange
0.800% Senior Notes Due 2024
COF24
New York Stock Exchange
1.650% Senior Notes Due 2029
COF29
New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
 
☒
  
Accelerated filer
 
☐
Non-accelerated filer
 
☐
  
Smaller reporting company
 
☐
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of July 31, 2020, there were 456,635,765 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.
 
 

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS


Page





















 












Credit Risk Profile




 
 

 
 
1
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
2
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

INDEX OF MD&A AND SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE
Page
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10.1
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
 
 
 
Supplemental Table:
 
A

 
 
3
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)
 
This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based upon management’s current expectations and are subject to significant uncertainties and changes in circumstances. Please review “MD&A—Forward-Looking Statements” for more information on the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“this Report”). All statements that address operating performance, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, including those relating to operating results and the Cybersecurity Incident described in “MD&A—Introduction—Cybersecurity Incident” and “Note 13—Commitments, Contingencies, Guarantees and Others” as well as the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic described in “MD&A—Introduction—Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic” are forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those included in these forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors including, but not limited to, those described in “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2019 Form 10-K”) and “Part II—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020. Unless otherwise specified, references to notes to our consolidated financial statements refer to the notes to our consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2020 included in this Report.
 
Management monitors a variety of key indicators to evaluate our business results and financial condition. The following MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and related notes in this Report and the more detailed information contained in our 2019 Form 10-K.
 
 
 
INTRODUCTION
We are a diversified financial services holding company with banking and non-banking subsidiaries. Capital One Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) offer a broad array of financial products and services to consumers, small businesses and commercial clients through digital channels, branches, Cafés and other distribution channels. As of June 30, 2020, our principal subsidiaries included:
•
Capital One Bank (USA), National Association (“COBNA”), which offers credit and debit card products, other lending products and deposit products; and
•
Capital One, National Association (“CONA”), which offers a broad spectrum of banking products and financial services to consumers, small businesses and commercial clients.
The Company is hereafter collectively referred to as “we,” “us” or “our.” COBNA and CONA are collectively referred to as the “Banks.” Certain business terms used in this document are defined in the “MD&A—Glossary and Acronyms” and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in this Report.
Our consolidated total net revenues are derived primarily from lending to consumer, small business and commercial customers net of funding costs associated with interest on deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term debt. We also earn non-interest income which primarily consists of interchange income net of reward expenses, and service charges and other customer-related fees. Our expenses primarily consist of the provision for credit losses, operating expenses, marketing expenses and income taxes.
Our principal operations are organized for management reporting purposes into three major business segments, which are defined primarily based on the products and services provided or the types of customer served: Credit Card, Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking. The operations of acquired businesses have been integrated into our existing business segments. Certain activities that are not part of a segment, such as management of our corporate investment portfolio, asset/liability management by our centralized Corporate Treasury group and residual tax expense or benefit to arrive at the consolidated effective tax rate that is not assessed to our primary business segments, are included in the Other category.
•
Credit Card: Consists of our domestic consumer and small business card lending, and international card businesses in Canada and the United Kingdom (“U.K.”).

 
 
4
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

•
Consumer Banking: Consists of our deposit gathering and lending activities for consumers and small businesses, and national auto lending.
•
Commercial Banking: Consists of our lending, deposit gathering, capital markets and treasury management services to commercial real estate and commercial and industrial customers. Our commercial and industrial customers typically include companies with annual revenues between $20 million and $2 billion.
Business Developments
We regularly explore and evaluate opportunities to acquire financial services and products as well as financial assets, including credit card and other loan portfolios, and enter into strategic partnerships as part of our growth strategy. We also explore opportunities to acquire technology companies and related assets to improve our information technology infrastructure and to deliver on our digital strategy. We may issue equity or debt to fund our acquisitions. In addition, we regularly consider the potential disposition of certain of our assets, branches, partnership agreements or lines of business.
On September 24, 2019, we launched a new credit card issuance program with Walmart Inc. (“Walmart”) and are now the exclusive issuer of Walmart’s cobrand and private label credit card program in the U.S. On October 11, 2019, we completed the acquisition of the existing portfolio of Walmart’s cobrand and private label credit card receivables, which added approximately $8.1 billion to our domestic credit card loans held for investment portfolio as of the acquisition date.
In the second quarter of 2019, we made the decision to exit several small partnership portfolios in our Credit Card business. We sold approximately $900 million of receivables and transferred approximately $100 million to loans held for sale as of June 30, 2019, which resulted in a gain on sale of $49 million recognized in other non-interest income and an allowance release of $68 million.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global public-health crisis, disrupting economies and introducing significant volatility into financial markets and uncertainty as to when economic and operating conditions will return to normalcy. This crisis continues to impact individuals, households and businesses in a multitude of ways. Companies in the U.S. and abroad have experienced unprecedented disruptions to normal business operations, including customer-facing interactions, supply chains, office closures, changes in demand for products and services, and others. Financial institutions, including us, have been deemed an essential service and exempted from the myriad of shutdowns across the country. We have transformed how we work in order to protect the well-being of our associates and our customers, serve our customers, support our communities, and position ourselves to navigate the challenges ahead.
Since the start of the pandemic, a significant majority of our associates across our workforce have transitioned to working remotely, relying on our technology infrastructure and systems that we have designed for resilience and security. The majority of our associates will continue to work remotely throughout 2020, as we continue to prioritize the safety of our associates while planning our return to the office. We have been able to continue serving customers, successfully managing critical functions and keeping our lines of business operating. During the second quarter of 2020, we maintained the additional paid benefits and flexible attendance policies that are intended to enable our associates to care for their families and loved ones. This included the increased pay implemented in the first quarter of 2020 for branch associates working in open locations and associates that perform essential and time-sensitive banking activities that cannot be performed remotely, as well as a pay increase for other U.S.-based associates in roles instrumental to maintaining essential customer support, such as our call center agents and branch associates. We continue to monitor and revise our safety precautions and policies at banking locations as government authorities continue to implement and modify measures to contain the further spread of COVID-19. In our Retail Banking business, over 90% of our branches were open at the end of the second quarter with increased safety precautions as we continue to provide critical banking services. We will continue to monitor local conditions and may open the remaining branches and Cafés where conditions warrant.
We continue to offer a range of policies and programs to accommodate customer hardship across our lines of business. In our Credit Card and Auto Finance businesses, our customers can seek forbearance primarily in the form of short-term payment deferrals or extensions and fee waivers. In our Domestic Card business, excluding certain retail partnership portfolios, enrollments were approximately 50,000 accounts per week at the end of the second quarter, down from around 150,000 accounts per week at the end of first quarter, and approximately two-thirds of the recent weekly enrollments were renewals. Through June 30, 2020, we have enrolled a total of 2% of active accounts representing 3% of loans outstanding, and approximately 92% of these customers

 
 
5
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

were current at the time of their first enrollment. In our Auto business, enrollments were approximately 30,000 accounts per week at the end of second quarter, down from around 100,000 accounts per week at end of the first quarter, and approximately 60% of the recent weekly enrollments were renewals. Through June 30, 2020, we have enrolled a total of 14% of accounts representing 16% of loans outstanding, and approximately 75% of these customers were current at the time of their first enrollment. In our Retail Banking business, we are waiving select fees for impacted customers and offering short-term payment deferrals for our small business banking customers. We are also working with our Commercial Banking customers on a more customized basis. In addition, we have also participated in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), established by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) enacted in March 2020 and implemented by the Small Business Administration. As of June 30, 2020, we funded $1.2 billion of PPP loans. See “MD&A—Credit Risk Profile” for more information about our customer assistance programs.
Our results for the second quarter and the first six months of 2020 were a net loss of $918 million, or $2.21 per share, and a net loss of $2.2 billion, or $5.31 per share, respectively, primarily driven by allowance builds due to the expectations of economic worsening and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the combination of these allowance builds and the adoption impact of the Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”) standard more than doubled our allowance coverage ratio to 6.7% as of June 30, 2020 from 2.7% as of December 31, 2019. For more information, see “MD&A—Executive Summary and Business Outlook” and “MD&A—Credit Risk Profile.” We have evaluated the potential impact on our goodwill as well as considered and incorporated recent market events and volatility into our fair value measurements, including our investment securities portfolio and derivative positions. See more details in “MD&A—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates,” “MD&A—Market Risk Profile” and “Note 8—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” See “MD&A—Liquidity Risk Profile” for information relating to our liquidity reserves as of June 30, 2020.
In the second quarter of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic continued to impact the demand for our products and services. In our Domestic Card business, purchase volumes and loan balances declined from consumers reducing spending and paying down their balances. In our Auto business, we saw an increase in origination volumes and loan growth from the sharp decline at the end of the first quarter, with the rebound stronger in the market segments where we are focused. Our loan growth was largely driven by increased originations from our dealer business as a result of our relationship strategy and digital capabilities as well as our direct-to-consumer business enabled by our digital products and services. In our Retail Banking business, we saw strong deposit growth from increased consumer savings including the impact of the government stimulus. There is still great uncertainty surrounding the course of this pandemic and the magnitude and duration of the disruption to economic activity and how this disruption will continue to impact demand for our products and services across all of our offerings.
We are actively monitoring and responding to developments across the myriad of landscapes affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, including social, financial, legal, regulatory and governmental. We continue to evaluate the impacts of the CARES Act on us and our customers. As other guidance is issued by our regulators, we continue to assess the impacts to us. As government authorities continue to implement and modify social distancing and reopening plans and other measures to contain the further spread of COVID-19, we will continue to adjust our business operations, policies and practices, keeping the best interests of our associates, customers and business partners at the forefront.
See “Part II—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 for additional information regarding risks and the significant uncertainties relating to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cybersecurity Incident
On July 29, 2019, we announced that on March 22 and 23, 2019 an outside individual gained unauthorized access to our systems. This individual obtained certain types of personal information relating to people who had applied for our credit card products and to our credit card customers (the “Cybersecurity Incident”). We retained a leading independent cybersecurity firm that confirmed we correctly identified and fixed the specific configuration vulnerability exploited in the Cybersecurity Incident. We continue to invest significantly in cybersecurity and related risk management activities and expect to make additional investments as we continue to assess our cybersecurity program.
During the second quarter of 2020, we incurred $27 million of incremental expenses related to the remediation of and response to the Cybersecurity Incident, offset by $16 million of insurance recoveries. To date, we have incurred $113 million of incremental expenses, offset by $60 million of insurance recoveries pursuant to the cyber risk insurance coverage we carry. These expenses mainly consist of customer notifications, credit monitoring, technology costs, and professional support. We expect total incremental costs through the end of 2020 will be at the high end of the $100 million to $150 million range previously disclosed. As the timing

 
 
6
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

of recognizing insurance reimbursements may differ from the timing of recognizing the associated expenses, any such reimbursements are not considered in this range, though we continue to expect that a significant portion of these expenses will be covered by insurance. We carry insurance to cover certain costs associated with a cyber risk event. This insurance has a total coverage limit of $400 million and is subject to a $10 million deductible, which was met in the third quarter of 2019, as well as standard exclusions.
We continue to treat these expenses and insurance reimbursements as adjusting items as they relate to our financial results (“Cyber Adjusting Items”). Our reported results excluding adjusting items, including the Cyber Adjusting Items, represent non-GAAP measures which we believe help users of our financial information understand the impact of these adjusting items on our reported results as well as provide an alternate measurement of our operating performance.
Although the ultimate magnitude and timing of expenses or other impacts to our business or reputation related to the Cybersecurity Incident are uncertain, they may be significant, and some of the costs may not be covered by insurance. However, we do not believe that this incident will materially impact our strategy or our long-term financial health. For more information, see “Note 13—Commitments, Contingencies, Guarantees and Others.”


 
 
7
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table presents selected consolidated financial data and performance from our results of operations for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019 and selected comparative balance sheet data as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We also provide selected key metrics we use in evaluating our performance, including certain metrics that are computed using non-GAAP measures. We consider these metrics to be key financial measures that management uses in assessing our operating performance, capital adequacy and the level of returns generated. We believe these non-GAAP metrics provide useful insight to investors and users of our financial information as they provide an alternate measurement of our performance and assist in assessing our capital adequacy and level of return generated.
Table 1: Consolidated Financial Highlights
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share data and as noted)
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
Income statement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
5,460

 
$
5,746

 
(5
)%
 
$
11,485

 
$
11,537

 
—

Non-interest income
 
1,096

 
1,378

 
(20
)
 
2,320

 
2,670

 
(13
)%
Total net revenue
 
6,556

 
7,124

 
(8
)
 
13,805

 
14,207

 
(3
)
Provision for credit losses
 
4,246

 
1,342

 
**

 
9,669

 
3,035

 
**

Non-interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketing
 
273

 
546

 
(50
)
 
764

 
1,063

 
(28
)
Operating expense
 
3,497

 
3,233

 
8

 
6,735

 
6,387

 
5

Total non-interest expense
 
3,770

 
3,779

 
—

 
7,499

 
7,450

 
1

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
 
(1,460
)
 
2,003

 
**

 
(3,363
)
 
3,722

 
**

Income tax provision (benefit)
 
(543
)
 
387

 
**

 
(1,106
)
 
696

 
**

Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
 
(917
)
 
1,616

 
**

 
(2,257
)
 
3,026

 
**

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
(1
)
 
9

 
**

 
(1
)
 
11

 
**

Net income (loss)
 
(918
)
 
1,625

 
**

 
(2,258
)
 
3,037

 
**

Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
 
(1
)
 
(12
)
 
(92
)
 
(4
)
 
(24
)
 
(83
)
Preferred stock dividends
 
(90
)
 
(80
)
 
13

 
(145
)
 
(132
)
 
10

Issuance cost for redeemed preferred stock
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(22
)
 
—

 
**

Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
 
$
(1,009
)
 
$
1,533

 
**

 
$
(2,429
)
 
$
2,881

 
**

Common share statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Basic earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
(2.21
)
 
$
3.24

 
**

 
$
(5.31
)
 
$
6.11

 
**

Income from discontinued operations
 
—

 
0.02

 
**

 
—

 
0.02

 
**

Net income (loss) per basic common share
 
$
(2.21
)
 
$
3.26

 
**

 
$
(5.31
)
 
$
6.13

 
**

Diluted earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
(2.21
)
 
$
3.22

 
**

 
$
(5.31
)
 
$
6.08

 
**

Income from discontinued operations
 
—

 
0.02

 
**

 
—

 
0.02

 
**

Net income (loss) per diluted common share
 
$
(2.21
)
 
$
3.24

 
**

 
$
(5.31
)
 
$
6.10

 
**

Weighted-average common shares outstanding (in millions):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
456.7

 
470.8

 
(3
)%
 
457.1

 
470.1

 
(3
)%
Diluted
 
456.7

 
473.0

 
(3
)
 
457.1

 
472.3

 
(3
)
Common shares outstanding (period-end, in millions)
 
456.3

 
470.3

 
(3
)
 
456.3

 
470.3

 
(3
)
Dividends declared and paid per common share
 
$
0.40

 
$
0.40

 
—

 
$
0.80

 
$
0.80

 
—

Tangible book value per common share (period-end)(1)
 
78.82

 
77.65

 
2

 
78.82

 
77.65

 
2

Balance sheet (average balances)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for investment
 
$
253,358

 
$
242,653

 
4
 %
 
$
258,124

 
$
242,307

 
7
 %
Interest-earning assets
 
378,145

 
338,026

 
12

 
366,746

 
337,913

 
9

Total assets
 
411,075

 
371,095

 
11

 
400,845

 
370,746

 
8

Interest-bearing deposits
 
261,256

 
230,452

 
13

 
251,185

 
229,020

 
10

Total deposits
 
288,344

 
253,634

 
14

 
276,498

 
252,528

 
9

Borrowings
 
49,827

 
49,982

 
—

 
50,810

 
51,510

 
(1
)
Common equity
 
52,413

 
50,209

 
4

 
52,799

 
49,289

 
7

Total stockholders’ equity
 
57,623

 
54,570

 
6

 
58,096

 
53,650

 
8


 
 
8
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share data and as noted)
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
Selected performance metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Purchase volume
 
$
90,149

 
$
106,903

 
(16
)%
 
$
190,069

 
$
200,100

 
(5
)%
Total net revenue margin(2)
 
6.93
 %
 
8.43
%
 
(150
)bps
 
7.53
 %
 
8.41
%
 
(88
)bps
Net interest margin
 
5.78

 
6.80

 
(102
)
 
6.26

 
6.83

 
(57
)
Return on average assets(3)
 
(0.89
)
 
1.74

 
**

 
(1.13
)
 
1.63

 
**

Return on average tangible assets(4)
 
(0.93
)
 
1.82

 
**

 
(1.17
)
 
1.70

 
**

Return on average common equity(5)
 
(7.69
)
 
12.14

 
**

 
(9.20
)
 
11.65

 
**

Return on average tangible common equity(6)
 
(10.74
)
 
17.26

 
**

 
(12.81
)
 
16.70

 
**

Equity-to-assets ratio(7)
 
14.02

 
14.71

 
(69
)
 
14.49

 
14.47

 
2

Non-interest expense as a percentage of average loans held for investment
 
5.95

 
6.23

 
(28
)
 
5.81

 
6.15

 
(34
)
Efficiency ratio(8)
 
57.50

 
53.05

 
4
 %
 
54.32

 
52.44

 
2
 %
Operating efficiency ratio(9)
 
53.34

 
45.38

 
8

 
48.79

 
44.96

 
4

Effective income tax rate from continuing operations
 
37.2

 
19.3

 
18

 
32.9

 
18.7

 
14

Net charge-offs
 
$
1,505

 
$
1,508

 
—

 
$
3,296

 
$
3,107

 
6

Net charge-off rate
 
2.38
 %
 
2.48
%
 
(10
)bps
 
2.55
 %
 
2.56
%
 
(1
)bps
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)

June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Change
Balance sheet (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for investment
 
$
251,512

 
$
265,809

 
(5
)%
Interest-earning assets
 
389,829

 
355,202

 
10

Total assets
 
421,296

 
390,365

 
8

Interest-bearing deposits
 
275,183

 
239,209

 
15

Total deposits
 
304,238

 
262,697

 
16

Borrowings
 
44,900

 
55,697

 
(19
)
Common equity
 
50,835

 
53,157

 
(4
)
Total stockholders’ equity
 
56,045

 
58,011

 
(3
)
Credit quality metrics
 
 
 
 
 


Allowance for credit losses
 
$
16,832

 
$
7,208

 
134

Allowance as a percentage of loans held for investment (“allowance coverage ratio”)
 
6.69
%
 
2.71
%
 
398
bps
30+ day performing delinquency rate
 
2.09

 
3.51

 
(142
)
30+ day delinquency rate
 
2.30

 
3.74

 
(144
)
Capital ratios
 
 

 
 

 


Common equity Tier 1 capital(10)
 
12.4
%
 
12.2
%
 
20
bps
Tier 1 capital(10)
 
14.2

 
13.7

 
50

Total capital(10)
 
16.7

 
16.1

 
60

Tier 1 leverage(10)
 
10.3

 
11.7

 
(140
)
Tangible common equity(11)
 
8.8

 
10.2

 
(140
)
Supplementary leverage(10)
 
9.7

 
9.9

 
(20
)
Other
 
 
 
 
 


Employees (period end, in thousands)
 
53.1

 
51.9

 
2
 %
__________
(1) 
Tangible book value per common share is a non-GAAP measure calculated based on tangible common equity divided by common shares outstanding. See “MD&A—Table A —Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for additional information on non-GAAP measures.
(2) 
Total net revenue margin is calculated based on annualized total net revenue for the period divided by average interest-earning assets for the period.
(3) 
Return on average assets is calculated based on annualized income from continuing operations, net of tax, for the period divided by average total assets for the period.
(4) 
Return on average tangible assets is a non-GAAP measure calculated based on annualized income from continuing operations, net of tax, for the period divided by average tangible assets for the period. See “MD&A—Table A—Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for additional information on non-GAAP measures.
(5) 
Return on average common equity is calculated based on annualized net income available to common stockholders less income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the period, divided by average common equity. Our calculation of return on average common equity may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures reported by other companies.

 
 
9
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

(6) 
Return on average tangible common equity is a non-GAAP measure calculated based on annualized net income available to common stockholders less income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the period, divided by average tangible common equity (“TCE”). Our calculation of return on average TCE may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures reported by other companies. See “MD&A—Table A—Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for additional information on non-GAAP measures.
(7) 
Equity-to-assets ratio is calculated based on average stockholders’ equity for the period divided by average total assets for the period.
(8) 
Efficiency ratio is calculated based on non-interest expense for the period divided by total net revenue for the period.
(9) 
Operating efficiency ratio is calculated based on operating expense for the period divided by total net revenue for the period.
(10) 
Capital ratios are calculated based on the Basel III Standardized Approach framework, see “MD&A—Capital Management” for additional information.
(11) 
Tangible common equity ratio is a non-GAAP measure calculated based on TCE divided by tangible assets. See “MD&A—Table A—Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for the calculation of this measure and reconciliation to the comparative U.S. GAAP measure.
**
Not meaningful



 
 
10
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND BUSINESS OUTLOOK
Financial Highlights
We reported a net loss of $918 million ($2.21 per diluted common share) on total net revenue of $6.6 billion and net loss of $2.3 billion ($5.31 per diluted common share) on total net revenue of $13.8 billion for the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively, primarily driven by higher provision for credit losses from expectations of economic worsening and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In comparison, we reported net income of $1.6 billion ($3.24 per diluted common share) on total net revenue of $7.1 billion and net income of $3.0 billion ($6.10 per diluted common share) on total net revenue of $14.2 billion for the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively.
Our common equity Tier 1 capital ratio as calculated under the Basel III Standardized Approach was 12.4% and 12.2% as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. See “MD&A—Capital Management” for additional information.
On June 27, 2019, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $2.2 billion of shares of our common stock (“2019 Stock Repurchase Program”) beginning in the third quarter of 2019 through the end of the second quarter of 2020. During the first quarter of 2020, we repurchased approximately $312 million of shares of our common stock under the 2019 Stock Repurchase Program before suspending further repurchases on March 13, 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. See “MD&A—Capital Management—Dividend Policy and Stock Purchases” for additional information.
Below are additional highlights of our performance in the second quarter and first six months of 2020. These highlights are generally based on a comparison between the results of the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019, except as otherwise noted. The changes in our financial condition and credit performance are generally based on our financial condition and credit performance as of June 30, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019. We provide a more detailed discussion of our financial performance in the sections following this “Executive Summary and Business Outlook.”
Total Company Performance
•
Earnings: Our net loss of $918 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $2.3 billion in the first six months of 2020 compared to net income of $1.6 billion in the second quarter of 2019 and $3.0 billion in the first six months of 2019 was primarily driven by:
◦
higher provision for credit losses due to expectations of economic worsening and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;
◦
lower net interest income due to a shift in our asset mix with cash balances representing a greater proportion of total average interest-earning assets as compared to loans, partially offset by the lower interest rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities;
◦
lower non-interest income due to lower net interchange fees from a decline in purchase volume in our Domestic Card business, and lower service charges and other customer-related fees due to decreased customer activity; and
◦
higher operating expenses due to legal reserve builds.
These drivers were partially offset by lower marketing expense driven by our decision to decrease marketing spend in the current economic environment.
•
Loans Held for Investment:
◦
Period-end loans held for investment decreased by $14.3 billion to $251.5 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 primarily driven by a decline in purchase volume and elevated payments resulting from the impact of the government stimulus in our Domestic Card business, partially offset by growth in our auto and commercial loan portfolios.
◦
Average loans held for investment increased by $10.7 billion to $253.4 billion in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019 primarily driven by growth in our commercial and auto loan portfolios. Average loans held for investment increased by $15.8 billion to $258.1 billion in the first six months of 2020 compared to the first

 
 
11
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

six months of 2019 primarily driven by growth in our commercial, auto and domestic credit card loan portfolios, including the acquired Walmart portfolio.
•
Net Charge-Off and Delinquency Metrics: Our net charge-off rate decreased by 10 basis points to 2.38% in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019 and decreased by 1 basis point to 2.55% in the first six months of 2020 compared to the first six months of 2019, primarily driven by consumer payment behavior, the impact of the government stimulus and the acquired Walmart portfolio, partially offset by elevated charge-offs in our commercial energy loan portfolio.
Our 30+ day delinquency rate decreased by 144 basis points to 2.30% as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 driven by consumer payment behavior, the short-term payment extensions offered to affected borrowers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of the government stimulus on our auto and domestic credit card loan portfolios.
•
Allowance for Credit Losses: Our allowance for credit losses increased by $9.6 billion to $16.8 billion, and our allowance coverage ratio increased by 398 basis points to 6.69% as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019, driven by the allowance build from expectations of economic worsening and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the adoption of the CECL standard.
Business Outlook
We discuss in this Report our expectations as of the time this Report was filed regarding our total company performance and the performance of our business segments based on market conditions, the regulatory environment and our business strategies. The statements contained in this Report are based on our current expectations regarding our outlook for our financial results and business strategies. Our expectations take into account, and should be read in conjunction with, our expectations regarding economic trends and analysis of our business as discussed in “Part I—Item 1. Business” and “Part II—Item 7. MD&A” in our 2019 Form 10-K. Certain statements are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results could differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise disclosed, forward-looking statements do not reflect:
•
any change in current dividend or repurchase strategies;
•
the effect of any acquisitions, divestitures or similar transactions that have not been previously disclosed;
•
any changes in laws, regulations or regulatory interpretations, in each case after the date as of which such statements are made;
•
the potential impact on our business, operations and reputation from, and expenses and uncertainties associated with, the Cybersecurity Incident, other than the incremental costs related to the incident we expect to incur in 2020 which will be separately reported as an adjusting item as it relates to the Company’s financial results; or
•
Moreover, this Report reflects certain assumptions regarding the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic ultimately impacts our business, results of operations, and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are still uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic.
See “MD&A—Forward-Looking Statements” in this Report for more information on the forward-looking statements and “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2019 Form 10-K and “Part II—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 for factors that could materially influence our results.

 
 
12
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The section below provides a comparative discussion of our consolidated financial performance for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019. We provide a discussion of our business segment results in the following section, “MD&A—Business Segment Financial Performance.” This section should be read together with our “MD&A—Executive Summary and Business Outlook,” where we discuss trends and other factors that we expect will affect our future results of operations.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income represents the difference between the interest income, including certain fees, earned on our interest-earning assets and the interest expense incurred on our interest-bearing liabilities. Interest-earning assets include loans, investment securities and other interest-earning assets, while our interest-bearing liabilities include interest-bearing deposits, securitized debt obligations, senior and subordinated notes, other borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities. Generally, we include in interest income any past due fees on loans that we deem collectible. Our net interest margin, based on our consolidated results, represents the difference between the yield on our interest-earning assets and the cost of our interest-bearing liabilities, including the notional impact of non-interest-bearing funding. We expect net interest income and our net interest margin to fluctuate based on changes in interest rates and changes in the amount and composition of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

 
 
13
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Table 2 below presents the average outstanding balance, interest income earned, interest expense incurred and average yield for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019 for each major category of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Nonperforming loans are included in the average loan balances below.
Table 2: Average Balances, Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest Income/
Expense
 
Average Yield/
Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest Income/
Expense
 
Average Yield/
Rate
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card
 
$
108,748

 
$
3,731

 
13.72
%
 
$
110,800

 
$
4,339

 
15.66
%
Consumer banking
 
64,851

 
1,364

 
8.41

 
59,858

 
1,251

 
8.36

Commercial banking(2)
 
80,803

 
608

 
3.01

 
73,157

 
864

 
4.72

Other(3)
 
—

 
117

 
**

 
16

 
(71
)
 
**

Total loans, including loans held for sale
 
254,402

 
5,820

 
9.15

 
243,831

 
6,383

 
10.47

Investment securities
 
81,095

 
482

 
2.38

 
82,383

 
629

 
3.05

Cash equivalents and other interest-earning assets
 
42,648

 
16

 
0.15

 
11,812

 
64

 
2.16

Total interest-earning assets
 
378,145

 
6,318

 
6.68

 
338,026

 
7,076

 
8.37

Cash and due from banks
 
5,355

 
 
 
 
 
4,180

 
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses
 
(14,107
)
 
 
 
 
 
(7,308
)
 
 
 
 
Premises and equipment, net
 
4,332

 
 
 
 
 
4,266

 
 
 
 
Other assets
 
37,350

 
 
 
 
 
31,931

 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
411,075

 
 
 
 
 
$
371,095

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
 
$
261,256

 
$
611

 
0.94
%
 
$
230,452

 
$
870

 
1.51
%
Securitized debt obligations
 
16,432

 
56

 
1.37

 
18,262

 
139

 
3.04

Senior and subordinated notes
 
31,294

 
180

 
2.30

 
30,630

 
310

 
4.05

Other borrowings and liabilities
 
3,554

 
11

 
1.21

 
2,322

 
11

 
1.91

Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
312,536

 
858

 
1.10

 
281,666

 
1,330

 
1.89

Non-interest-bearing deposits
 
27,088

 
 
 
 
 
23,182

 
 
 
 
Other liabilities
 
13,828

 
 
 
 
 
11,677

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
 
353,452

 
 
 
 
 
316,525

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
 
57,623

 
 
 
 
 
54,570

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
411,075

 
 
 
 
 
$
371,095

 
 
 
 
Net interest income/spread
 
$
5,460

 
5.58

 
 
 
$
5,746

 
6.48

Impact of non-interest-bearing funding
 
0.20

 
 
 
 
 
0.32

Net interest margin
 
5.78
%
 
 
 
 
 
6.80
%



 
 
14
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest Income/
Expense
 
Average Yield/
Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest Income/
Expense
 
Average Yield/
Rate
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card
 
$
115,801

 
$
8,168

 
14.11
%
 
$
111,126

 
$
8,734

 
15.72
%
Consumer banking
 
64,262

 
2,711

 
8.44

 
59,464

 
2,454

 
8.25

Commercial banking(2)
 
78,954

 
1,354

 
3.43

 
72,762

 
1,697

 
4.67

Other(3)
 
—

 
129

 
**

 
31

 
(134
)
 
**

Total loans, including loans held for sale
 
259,017

 
12,362

 
9.55

 
243,383

 
12,751

 
10.48

Investment securities
 
79,654

 
1,012

 
2.54

 
83,027

 
1,284

 
3.09

Cash equivalents and other interest-earning assets
 
28,075

 
53

 
0.38

 
11,503

 
133

 
2.31

Total interest-earning assets
 
366,746

 
13,427

 
7.32

 
337,913

 
14,168

 
8.39

Cash and due from banks
 
5,024

 
 
 
 
 
4,233

 
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses
 
(12,258
)
 
 
 
 
 
(7,269
)
 
 
 
 
Premises and equipment, net
 
4,338

 
 
 
 
 
4,273

 
 
 
 
Other assets
 
36,995

 
 
 
 
 
31,596

 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
400,845

 
 
 
 
 
$
370,746

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
 
$
251,185

 
$
1,342

 
1.07
%
 
$
229,020

 
$
1,687

 
1.47
%
Securitized debt obligations
 
17,243

 
155

 
1.80

 
18,503

 
282

 
3.05

Senior and subordinated notes
 
31,318

 
419

 
2.67

 
30,732

 
624

 
4.06

Other borrowings and liabilities
 
3,667

 
26

 
1.42

 
3,497

 
38

 
2.20

Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
303,413

 
1,942

 
1.28

 
281,752

 
2,631

 
1.87

Non-interest-bearing deposits
 
25,313

 
 
 
 
 
23,508

 
 
 
 
Other liabilities
 
14,023

 
 
 
 
 
11,836

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
 
342,749

 
 
 
 
 
317,096

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
 
58,096

 
 
 
 
 
53,650

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
400,845

 
 
 
 
 
$
370,746

 
 
 
 
Net interest income/spread
 
$
11,485

 
6.04

 
 
 
$
11,537

 
6.52

Impact of non-interest-bearing funding
 
0.22

 
 
 
 
 
0.31

Net interest margin
 
6.26
%
 
 
 
 
 
6.83
%
__________
(1) 
Past due fees included in interest income totaled approximately $265 million and $656 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively, and $406 million and $801 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively.
(2) 
Some of our commercial loans generate tax-exempt income. Accordingly, we present our Commercial Banking interest income and yields on a taxable- equivalent basis, calculated using the federal statutory rate of 21% and state taxes where applicable, with offsetting reductions to the Other category. Taxable-equivalent adjustments included in the interest income and yield computations for our commercial loans totaled approximately $21 million and $41 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively, and $20 million and $41 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively, with corresponding reductions to the Other category.
(3) 
Interest income/expense of Other represents the impact of hedge accounting of our loan portfolios and the offsetting reduction of the taxable-equivalent adjustments of our commercial loans as described above.
**
Not meaningful.
Net interest income decreased by $286 million to $5.5 billion in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019, and decreased by $52 million to $11.5 billion in the first six months of 2020 compared to the first six months of 2019, net interest margin decreased by 102 basis points to 5.78% in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019, and decreased by 57 basis points to 6.26% in the first six months of 2020 compared to the first six months of 2019 primarily driven by a shift in our asset mix with cash balances representing a greater proportion of total average interest-earning assets as compared

 
 
15
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

to loans, partially offset by the lower interest rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Given the uncertainties resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, we expect to maintain elevated cash balances in the near term.
Table 3 displays the change in our net interest income between periods and the extent to which the variance is attributable to:
•
changes in the volume of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities; or
•
changes in the interest rates related to these assets and liabilities.
Table 3: Rate/Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income(1)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020 vs. 2019
 
2020 vs. 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Total Variance
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Total Variance
 
Volume
 
Rate
Interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card
 
$
(608
)
 
$
(79
)
 
$
(529
)
 
$
(566
)
 
$
330

 
$
(896
)
Consumer banking
 
113

 
105

 
8

 
257

 
201

 
56

Commercial banking(2)
 
(256
)
 
57

 
(313
)
 
(343
)
 
106

 
(449
)
Other(3)
 
188

 
—

 
188

 
263

 
—

 
263

Total loans, including loans held for sale
 
(563
)
 
83

 
(646
)
 
(389
)
 
637

 
(1,026
)
Investment securities
 
(147
)
 
(10
)
 
(137
)
 
(272
)
 
(50
)
 
(222
)
Cash equivalents and other interest-earning assets
 
(48
)
 
12

 
(60
)
 
(80
)
 
31

 
(111
)
Total interest income
 
(758
)
 
85

 
(843
)
 
(741
)
 
618

 
(1,359
)
Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
 
(259
)
 
72

 
(331
)
 
(345
)
 
118

 
(463
)
Securitized debt obligations
 
(83
)
 
(13
)
 
(70
)
 
(127
)
 
(18
)
 
(109
)
Senior and subordinated notes
 
(130
)
 
4

 
(134
)
 
(205
)
 
8

 
(213
)
Other borrowings and liabilities
 
—

 
4

 
(4
)
 
(12
)
 
1

 
(13
)
Total interest expense
 
(472
)
 
67

 
(539
)
 
(689
)
 
109

 
(798
)
Net interest income
 
$
(286
)
 
$
18

 
$
(304
)
 
$
(52
)
 
$
509

 
$
(561
)
__________
(1) 
We calculate the change in interest income and interest expense separately for each item. The portion of interest income or interest expense attributable to both volume and rate is allocated proportionately when the calculation results in a positive value. When the portion of interest income or interest expense attributable to both volume and rate results in a negative value, the total amount is allocated to volume or rate, depending on which amount is positive.
(2) 
Some of our commercial loans generate tax-exempt income. Accordingly, we present our Commercial Banking interest income and yields on a taxable- equivalent basis, calculated using the federal statutory rate of 21% and state taxes where applicable, with offsetting reductions to the Other category.
(3) 
Interest income/expense of Other represents the impact of hedge accounting of our loan portfolios and the offsetting reduction of the taxable-equivalent adjustments of our commercial loans as described above.

 
 
16
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Non-Interest Income
Table 4 displays the components of non-interest income for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019.
Table 4: Non-Interest Income
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Interchange fees, net
 
$
672

 
$
820

 
$
1,424

 
$
1,578

Service charges and other customer-related fees
 
258

 
352

 
585

 
705

Net securities gains
 
—

 
15

 
—

 
39

Other non-interest income:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage banking revenue
 
38

 
33

 
106

 
79

Treasury and other investment income
 
63

 
47

 
56

 
103

Other
 
65

 
111

 
149

 
166

Total other non-interest income
 
166

 
191

 
311

 
348

Total non-interest income
 
$
1,096

 
$
1,378

 
$
2,320

 
$
2,670

________
(1) 
Includes gains of $44 million and losses of $15 million on deferred compensation plan investments for the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively, and gains of $10 million and $38 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively.
Non-interest income decreased by $282 million to $1.1 billion in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019 and decreased by $350 million to $2.3 billion in the first six months of 2020 compared to the first six months of 2019 primarily driven by:
•
lower net interchange fees due to lower purchase volume in our Domestic Card business; and
•
lower service charges and other customer-related fees due to decreased customer activity.
Provision for Credit Losses
Our provision for credit losses in each period is driven by net charge-offs, changes to the allowance for credit losses, and changes to the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, our allowance for credit losses and reserve for unfunded lending commitments are measured under the CECL standard.
Our provision for credit losses increased by $2.9 billion to $4.2 billion in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019 and increased by $6.6 billion to $9.7 billion in the first six months of 2020 compared to the first six months of 2019 primarily driven by expectations of economic worsening and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We provide additional information on the provision for credit losses and changes in the allowance for credit losses within “MD&A—Credit Risk Profile” and “Note 4—Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments.” For information on the allowance methodology for each of our loan categories, see “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

 
 
17
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Non-Interest Expense
Table 5 displays the components of non-interest expense for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019.
Table 5: Non-Interest Expense
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Salaries and associate benefits(1)
 
$
1,704

 
$
1,558

 
$
3,331

 
$
3,131

Occupancy and equipment
 
523

 
521

 
1,040

 
1,014

Marketing
 
273

 
546

 
764

 
1,063

Professional services
 
304

 
314

 
591

 
605

Communications and data processing
 
308

 
329

 
610

 
632

Amortization of intangibles
 
16

 
29

 
38

 
59

Other non-interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bankcard, regulatory and other fee assessments
 
66

 
86

 
141

 
173

Collections
 
76

 
96

 
181

 
191

Fraud losses
 
71

 
97

 
150

 
200

Other(2)
 
429

 
203

 
653

 
382

Total other non-interest expense
 
642

 
482

 
1,125

 
946

Total non-interest expense
 
$
3,770

 
$
3,779

 
$
7,499

 
$
7,450

_________
(1) 
Includes expense of $44 million and benefit of $15 million related to our deferred compensation plan investments for the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively, and expense of $10 million and $38 million related to our deferred compensation plan investments for the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively. These amounts have corresponding offsets in other non-interest income.
(2) 
Includes legal reserve builds of $265 million and $310 million, and net Cybersecurity Incident expenses of $11 million and $15 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively.
Non-interest expense remained flat at $3.8 billion and $7.5 billion in the second quarter and first six months of 2020 as lower marketing expense was largely offset by legal reserve builds.
Income Taxes
We recorded an income tax benefit of $543 million (37.2% effective income tax rate) and $1.1 billion (32.9% effective income tax rate) in the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively, compared to an income tax expense of $387 million (19.3% effective income tax rate) and $696 million (18.7% effective income tax rate) in the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively. Our effective income tax rate increased in 2020 as compared to 2019 primarily driven by the relationship of our tax credits in proportion to our pre-tax earnings.
We provide additional information on items affecting our income taxes and effective tax rate in “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in this Report and “Note 15—Income Taxes” in our 2019 Form 10-K.

 
 
18
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ANALYSIS
Total assets increased by $30.9 billion to $421.3 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 primarily driven by an increase in our cash balance from deposit growth due to increased consumer savings, including the impact of government stimulus, partially offset by a decline in our loan balance.
Total liabilities increased by $32.9 billion to $365.3 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 primarily driven by deposit growth from increased consumer savings including the impact of government stimulus.
Stockholders’ equity decreased by $2.0 billion to $56.0 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 primarily driven by the $2.2 billion of retained earnings impact of the CECL standard adoption in the first quarter and our net loss for the first six months of 2020, partially offset by an increase in accumulated other comprehensive income from an increase in the fair value of our investment securities and derivatives driven by the decline in interest rates.
The following is a discussion of material changes in the major components of our assets and liabilities during the first six months of 2020. Period-end balance sheet amounts may vary from average balance sheet amounts due to liquidity and balance sheet management activities that are intended to support the adequacy of capital while managing our liquidity requirements, our customers and our market risk exposure in accordance with our risk appetite.
Investment Securities
Our investment securities portfolio consists primarily of the following: U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government-sponsored enterprise or agency (“Agency”) and non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), and other securities. Agency securities include Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guaranteed securities, Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) issued securities. The U.S. Treasury and Agency securities generally have high credit ratings and low credit risks, and our investments in U.S. Treasury and Agency securities represented 97% and 96% of our total investment securities portfolio, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
The fair value of our available for sale securities portfolio increased by $8.6 billion to $87.9 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019, primarily driven by net purchases and fair value gains from the decline in interest rates. See “Note 2—Investment Securities” for more information.
Table 6 presents the amortized cost and fair value for the major security types in our available for sale securities portfolio as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 6: Investment Securities
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
 
$
4,353

 
$
4,362

 
$
4,122

 
$
4,124

RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
 
68,223

 
70,687

 
62,003

 
62,839

Non-agency
 
1,144

 
1,327

 
1,235

 
1,499

Total RMBS
 
69,367

 
72,014

 
63,238

 
64,338

Agency CMBS
 
9,940

 
10,400

 
9,303

 
9,426

Other securities(1)
 
1,082

 
1,083

 
1,321

 
1,325

Total investment securities available for sale
 
$
84,742

 
$
87,859

 
$
77,984

 
$
79,213

__________
(1) 
Includes primarily supranational bonds, foreign government bonds and other asset-backed securities.

 
 
19
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Loans Held for Investment
Total loans held for investment consist of both unsecuritized loans and loans held in our consolidated trusts. Table 7 summarizes the carrying value of our loans held for investment by portfolio segment, the allowance for credit losses, and net loan balance as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 7: Loans Held for Investment
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Loans
 
Allowance
 
Net Loans
 
Loans
 
Allowance
 
Net Loans
Credit Card
 
$
107,310

 
$
12,091

 
$
95,219

 
$
128,236

 
$
5,395

 
$
122,841

Consumer Banking
 
66,712

 
2,838

 
63,874

 
63,065

 
1,038

 
62,027

Commercial Banking
 
77,490

 
1,903

 
75,587

 
74,508

 
775

 
73,733

Total
 
$
251,512

 
$
16,832

 
$
234,680

 
$
265,809

 
$
7,208

 
$
258,601

Loans held for investment decreased by $14.3 billion to $251.5 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 primarily driven by a decline in purchase volume and elevated payments resulting from the impact of the government stimulus in our Domestic Card business, partially offset by growth in our auto and commercial loan portfolios.
We provide additional information on the composition of our loan portfolio and credit quality below in “MD&A—Credit Risk Profile,” “MD&A—Consolidated Results of Operations” and “Note 3—Loans.”
Funding Sources
Our primary source of funding comes from deposits, as they are a stable and relatively low cost source of funding. In addition to deposits, we raise funding through the issuance of securitized debt obligations and other debt including senior and subordinated notes, federal funds purchased, securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, and Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLB”) advances secured by certain portions of our loan and securities portfolios.
Table 8 provides the composition of our primary sources of funding as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 8: Funding Sources Composition
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amount
 
% of Total
 
Amount
 
% of Total
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer Banking
 
$
246,804

 
71
%
 
$
213,099

 
67
%
Commercial Banking
 
35,669

 
10

 
32,134

 
10

Other(1)
 
21,765

 
6

 
17,464

 
5

Total deposits
 
304,238

 
87

 
262,697

 
82

Securitized debt obligations
 
15,761

 
5

 
17,808

 
6

Other debt
 
29,139

 
8

 
37,889

 
12

Total funding sources
 
$
349,138

 
100
%
 
$
318,394

 
100
%
__________
(1) 
Includes brokered deposits of $20.7 billion and $16.7 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Total deposits increased by $41.5 billion to $304.2 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 primarily driven by deposit growth from increased consumer savings including the impact of government stimulus.
Securitized debt obligations decreased by $2.0 billion to $15.8 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 primarily driven by net maturities in our credit card securitization program, partially offset by net issuance in our auto securitization program.

 
 
20
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Other debt decreased by $8.8 billion to $29.1 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 primarily driven by repayments of our short-term FHLB advances and the repurchase of a portion of our senior unsecured debt in excess of issuances.
We provide additional information on our funding sources in “MD&A—Liquidity Risk Profile” and “Note 7—Deposits and Borrowings.”
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
In the ordinary course of business, we engage in certain activities that are not reflected on our consolidated balance sheets, generally referred to as off-balance sheet arrangements. These activities typically involve transactions with unconsolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) as well as other arrangements, such as letters of credit, loan commitments and guarantees, to meet the financing needs of our customers and support their ongoing operations. We provide additional information regarding these types of activities in “Note 5—Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations” and “Note 13—Commitments, Contingencies, Guarantees and Others.”
BUSINESS SEGMENT FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Our principal operations are organized for management reporting purposes into three major business segments, which are defined primarily based on the products and services provided or the types of customer served: Credit Card, Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking. The operations of acquired businesses have been integrated into our existing business segments. Certain activities that are not part of a segment, such as management of our corporate investment portfolio and asset/liability management by our centralized Corporate Treasury group and residual tax expense or benefit to arrive at the consolidated effective tax rate that is not assessed to our primary business segments, are included in the Other category.
The results of our individual businesses, which we report on a continuing operations basis, reflect the manner in which management evaluates performance and makes decisions about funding our operations and allocating resources. We may periodically change our business segments or reclassify business segment results based on modifications to our management reporting methodologies and changes in organizational alignment. Our business segment results are intended to reflect each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. We use an internal management and reporting process to derive our business segment results. Our internal management and reporting process employs various allocation methodologies, including funds transfer pricing, to assign certain balance sheet assets, deposits and other liabilities and their related revenue and expenses directly or indirectly attributable to each business segment. Total interest income and non-interest income are directly attributable to the segment in which they are reported. The net interest income of each segment reflects the results of our funds transfer pricing process, which is primarily based on a matched funding concept that takes into consideration market interest rates. Our funds transfer pricing process provides a funds credit for sources of funds, such as deposits generated by our Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking businesses, and a charge for the use of funds by each segment. The allocation process is unique to each business segment and acquired businesses. We regularly assess the assumptions, methodologies and reporting classifications used for segment reporting, which may result in the implementation of refinements or changes in future periods. We provide additional information on the allocation methodologies used to derive our business segment results in “Note 17—Business Segments and Revenue from Contracts with Customers” in our 2019 Form 10-K.
We refer to the business segment results derived from our internal management accounting and reporting process as our “managed” presentation, which differs in some cases from our reported results prepared based on U.S. GAAP. There is no comprehensive authoritative body of guidance for management accounting equivalent to U.S. GAAP; therefore, the managed presentation of our business segment results may not be comparable to similar information provided by other financial services companies. In addition, our individual business segment results should not be used as a substitute for comparable results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
We summarize our business segment results for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019 and provide a comparative discussion of these results, as well as changes in our financial condition and credit performance metrics as of June 30, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019. We provide a reconciliation of our total business segment results to our reported consolidated results in “Note 12—Business Segments and Revenue from Contracts with Customers.”

 
 
21
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Business Segment Financial Performance
Table 9 summarizes our business segment results, which we report based on revenue and income (loss) from continuing operations, for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019.
Table 9: Business Segment Results
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
Total Net
Revenue (Loss)(1)
 
Net Loss(2)
 
Total Net
Revenue (Loss)(1)
 
Net Income
(Loss)(2)
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amount
 
% of
Total
 
Amount
 
% of
Total
 
Amount
 
% of
Total
 
Amount
 
% of
Total
Credit Card
 
$
4,214

 
64
 %
 
$
(533
)
 
58
%
 
$
4,569

 
64
 %
 
$
938

 
58
 %
Consumer Banking
 
1,762

 
27

 
(114
)
 
12

 
1,875

 
26

 
543

 
33

Commercial Banking(3)
 
698

 
11

 
(118
)
 
13

 
714

 
10

 
157

 
10

Other(3)
 
(118
)
 
(2
)
 
(152
)
 
17

 
(34
)
 
—

 
(22
)
 
(1
)
Total
 
$
6,556

 
100
 %
 
$
(917
)
 
100
%
 
$
7,124

 
100
 %
 
$
1,616

 
100
 %
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
Total Net
Revenue(1)
 
Net Loss(2)
 
Total Net
Revenue (Loss)(1)
 
Net Income(2)
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amount
 
% of
Total
 
Amount
 
% of
Total
 
Amount
 
% of
Total
 
Amount
 
% of
Total
Credit Card
 
$
8,827

 
64
%
 
$
(1,524
)
 
68
%
 
$
9,109

 
64
 %
 
$
1,689

 
56
%
Consumer Banking
 
3,545

 
26

 
(166
)
 
7

 
3,714

 
26

 
1,011

 
33

Commercial Banking(3)
 
1,427

 
10

 
(529
)
 
23

 
1,390

 
10

 
303

 
10

Other(3)
 
6

 
—

 
(38
)
 
2

 
(6
)
 
—

 
23

 
1

Total
 
$
13,805

 
100
%
 
$
(2,257
)
 
100
%
 
$
14,207

 
100
 %
 
$
3,026

 
100
%
__________
(1) 
Total net revenue (loss) consists of net interest income and non-interest income.
(2) 
Net income (loss) for our business segments and the Other category is based on income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax.
(3) 
Some of our commercial investments generate tax-exempt income, tax credits or other tax benefits. Accordingly, we present our Commercial Banking revenue and yields on a taxable-equivalent basis, calculated using the federal statutory tax rate of 21% and state taxes where applicable, with offsetting reductions to the Other category.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
22
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Credit Card Business
The primary sources of revenue for our Credit Card business are net interest income, net interchange income and fees collected from customers. Expenses primarily consist of the provision for credit losses, operating costs and marketing expenses.
Our Credit Card business generated net loss from continuing operations of $533 million and $1.5 billion in the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively, compared to net income of $938 million and $1.7 billion in the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively.
Table 10 summarizes the financial results of our Credit Card business and displays selected key metrics for the periods indicated.
Table 10: Credit Card Business Results
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
Selected income statement data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
3,369

 
$
3,531

 
(5
)%
 
$
7,071

 
$
7,121

 
(1
)%
Non-interest income
 
845

 
1,038

 
(19
)
 
1,756

 
1,988

 
(12
)
Total net revenue(1)
 
4,214

 
4,569

 
(8
)
 
8,827

 
9,109

 
(3
)
Provision for credit losses
 
2,944

 
1,095

 
169

 
6,646

 
2,484

 
168

Non-interest expense
 
1,969

 
2,253

 
(13
)
 
4,177

 
4,424

 
(6
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
 
(699
)
 
1,221

 
**

 
(1,996
)
 
2,201

 
**

Income tax provision (benefit)
 
(166
)
 
283

 
**

 
(472
)
 
512

 
**

Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
 
$
(533
)
 
$
938

 
**

 
$
(1,524
)
 
$
1,689

 
**

Selected performance metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average loans held for investment(2)
 
$
108,748

 
$
110,798

 
(2
)
 
$
115,762

 
$
111,125

 
4

Average yield on loans held for investment(3)
 
13.72
%
 
15.66
%
 
(194
)bps
 
14.11
%
 
15.72
%
 
(161
)bps
Total net revenue margin(4)
 
15.50

 
16.50

 
(100
)
 
15.25

 
16.39

 
(114
)
Net charge-offs
 
$
1,211

 
$
1,320

 
(8
)%
 
$
2,647

 
$
2,684

 
(1
)%
Net charge-off rate
 
4.46
%
 
4.76
%
 
(30
)bps
 
4.57
%
 
4.83
%
 
(26
)bps
Purchase volume
 
$
90,149

 
$
106,903

 
(16
)%
 
$
190,069

 
$
200,100

 
(5
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Change
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected period-end data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for investment(2)
 
$
107,310

 
$
128,236

 
(16
)%

 
 
 
 

30+ day performing delinquency rate
 
2.74
%
 
3.89
%
 
(115
)bps

 
 
 
 


30+ day delinquency rate
 
2.75

 
3.91

 
(116
)

 
 
 
 

Nonperforming loan rate(5)
 
0.02

 
0.02

 
—


 
 
 
 


Allowance for credit losses(2)
 
$
12,091

 
$
5,395

 
124
 %

 
 
 
 

Allowance coverage ratio
 
11.27
%
 
4.21
%
 
7



 

 

__________
(1) 
We recognize finance charges and fee income on open-ended loans in accordance with the contractual provisions of the credit arrangements and charge-off uncollectible amounts. Total net revenue was reduced by $318 million and $707 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2020 for finance charges and fees charged-off as uncollectible and by $318 million and $694 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2019 for the estimated uncollectible amount of credit card finance charges and fees and related losses.
(2) 
Period-end loans held for investment and average loans held for investment include billed finance charges and fees. Concurrent with our adoption of the CECL standard in the first quarter of 2020, we reclassified our finance charge and fee reserve to our allowance for credit losses, with a corresponding increase to credit card loans held for investment.
(3) 
Average yield on loans held for investment is calculated by dividing interest income for the period by average loans held for investment during the period. Interest income excludes various allocations including funds transfer pricing that assigns certain balance sheet assets, deposits and other liabilities and their related revenue and expenses attributable to each business segment.
(4) 
Total net revenue margin is calculated by dividing annualized total net revenue for the period by average loans held for investment during the period. Interest income also includes interest income on loans held for sale.

 
 
23
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

(5) 
Within our credit card loan portfolio, only certain loans in our international card businesses are classified as nonperforming. See “MD&A—Nonperforming Loans and Other Nonperforming Assets” for additional information.
**
Not meaningful
Key factors affecting the results of our Credit Card business for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 compared to the second quarter and first six months of 2019, and changes in financial condition and credit performance between June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 include the following:
•
Net Interest Income: Net interest income decreased by $162 million to $3.4 billion in the second quarter of 2020 primarily driven by lower margin and lower average loan balance from a decline in purchase volume and elevated payment from the impact of the government stimulus. Net interest income decreased by $50 million to $7.1 billion in the first six months of 2020 primarily driven by lower margin, partially offset by growth in our domestic credit card loan portfolio, including the acquired Walmart portfolio.
•
Non-Interest Income: Non-interest income decreased by $193 million to $845 million in the second quarter of 2020 and decreased by $232 million to $1.8 billion in the first six months of 2020 primarily driven by lower net interchange fees due to a decline in purchase volume.
•
Provision for Credit Losses: Provision for credit losses increased by $1.8 billion to $2.9 billion in the second quarter of 2020 and increased by $4.2 billion to $6.6 billion in the first six months of 2020 driven by expectations of economic worsening and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
•
Non-Interest Expense: Non-interest expense decreased by $284 million to $2.0 billion in the second quarter of 2020 and decreased by $247 million to $4.2 billion in the first six months of 2020 driven by our decision to decrease marketing spend in the current economic environment.
•
Loans Held for Investment:
◦
Period-end loans held for investment decreased by $20.9 billion to $107.3 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 and average loans held for investment decreased by $2.1 billion to $108.7 billion in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019 due to a decline in purchase volume and elevated payments driven by the impact of the government stimulus.
◦
Average loans held for investment increased by $4.6 billion to $115.8 billion in the first six months of 2020 compared to the first six months of 2019 primarily due to growth in our domestic credit card loan portfolio, including the acquired Walmart portfolio, partially offset by a decline in purchase volume and elevated payments driven by the impact of the government stimulus.
•
Net Charge-Off and Delinquency Metrics: The net charge-off rate decreased by 30 basis points to 4.46% in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019 and decreased by 26 basis points to 4.57% in the first six months of 2020 compared to the first six months of 2019 primarily driven by consumer payment behavior, the impact of the government stimulus and the acquired Walmart portfolio.
The 30+ day delinquency rate decreased by 116 basis points to 2.75% as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 due to lower delinquency inventories in our domestic credit card loan portfolio primarily driven by consumer payment behavior and the impact of the government stimulus.

 
 
24
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Domestic Card Business
The Domestic Card business generated net loss from continuing operations of $605 million and $1.5 billion in the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively, and compared to net income from continuing operations of $869 million and $1.6 billion in the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively. In the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019, the Domestic Card business accounted for greater than 90% of total net revenue of our Credit Card business.
Table 10.1 summarizes the financial results for Domestic Card business and displays selected key metrics for the periods indicated.
Table 10.1: Domestic Card Business Results
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
Selected income statement data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
3,094

 
$
3,220

 
(4
)%
 
$
6,475

 
$
6,493

 
—

Non-interest income
 
795

 
971

 
(18
)
 
1,637

 
1,844

 
(11
)%
Total net revenue(1)(2)
 
3,889

 
4,191

 
(7
)
 
8,112

 
8,337

 
(3
)
Provision for credit losses
 
2,906

 
1,024

 
184

 
6,370

 
2,315

 
175

Non-interest expense
 
1,776

 
2,034

 
(13
)
 
3,760

 
3,983

 
(6
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
 
(793
)
 
1,133

 
**

 
(2,018
)
 
2,039

 
**

Income tax provision (benefit)
 
(188
)
 
264

 
**

 
(478
)
 
475

 
**

Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
 
$
(605
)
 
$
869

 
**

 
$
(1,540
)
 
$
1,564

 
**

Selected performance metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average loans held for investment(3)
 
$
100,996

 
$
101,930

 
(1
)
 
$
107,354

 
$
102,296

 
5

Average yield on loans held for investment(4)
 
13.52
%
 
15.60
%
 
(208
)bps
 
13.93
%
 
15.65
%
 
(172
)bps
Total net revenue margin(5)
 
15.40

 
16.45

 
(105
)
 
15.11

 
16.30

 
(119
)
Net charge-offs
 
$
1,143

 
$
1,240

 
(8
)%
 
$
2,474

 
$
2,534

 
(2
)%
Net charge-off rate
 
4.53
%
 
4.86
%
 
(33
)bps
 
4.61
%
 
4.95
%
 
(34
)bps
Purchase volume
 
$
82,860

 
$
98,052

 
(15
)%
 
$
175,108

 
$
183,790

 
(5
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Change
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected period-end data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for investment(3)
 
$
99,390

 
$
118,606

 
(16
)%
 
 
 


 

30+ day performing delinquency rate
 
2.74
%
 
3.93
%
 
(119
)bps
 
 
 


 


Allowance for credit losses
 
$
11,569

 
$
4,997

 
132
 %
 
 
 


 

Allowance coverage ratio
 
11.64
%
 
4.21
%
 
7

 


 


 


__________
(1) 
We recognize finance charges and fee income on open-ended loans in accordance with the contractual provisions of the credit arrangements and charge-off uncollectible amounts. Uncollectible finance charges and fees are reflected as a reduction in total net revenue.
(2) 
We pay bounties to third parties for new accounts, which are considered loan origination costs and therefore deferred and amortized as an offset to revenue. Total net revenue was reduced by $130 million and $273 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and by $111 million and $206 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2019 due to the amortization of these bounties. As of June 30, 2020, approximately $180 million of deferred bounty payments remained to be amortized in future periods.
(3) 
Period-end loans held for investment and average loans held for investment include billed finance charges and fees. Concurrent with our adoption of the CECL standard in the first quarter of 2020, we reclassified our finance charge and fee reserve to our allowance for credit losses, with a corresponding increase to credit card loans held for investment.
(4) 
Average yield on loans held for investment is calculated by dividing annualized interest income for the period by average loans held for investment during the period. Interest income excludes various allocations including funds transfer pricing that assigns certain balance sheet assets, deposits and other liabilities and their related revenue and expenses attributable to each business segment.
(5) 
Total net revenue margin is calculated by dividing annualized total net revenue for the period by average loans held for investment during the period.
**
Not meaningful

 
 
25
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Because our Domestic Card business accounts for the substantial majority of our Credit Card business, the key factors driving the results are similar to the key factors affecting our total Credit Card business. Net Income for our Domestic Card business decreased in the second quarter of 2020 and the first six months of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019 and the first six months of 2019 primarily driven by:
•
higher provision for credit losses driven by expectations of economic worsening and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•
lower net interest income in the second quarter of 2020 due to lower margin and lower average loan balance from a decline in purchase volume and elevated payment from the impact of the government stimulus, and lower net interest income in the first six months of 2020 due to lower margin, partially offset by growth in our domestic credit card loan portfolio, including the acquired Walmart portfolio; and
•
lower non-interest income primarily driven by lower net interchange fees due to a decline in purchase volume.
These drivers were partially offset by lower marketing expenses driven by our decision to decrease marketing spend in the current economic environment.
Consumer Banking Business
The primary sources of revenue for our Consumer Banking business are net interest income from loans and deposits, net interchange income and service charges and customer-related fees. Expenses primarily consist of the provision for credit losses, operating costs and marketing expenses.
Our Consumer Banking business generated net loss from continuing operations of $114 million and $166 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively, compared to net income of $543 million and $1.0 billion in the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively.

 
 
26
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Table 11 summarizes the financial results of our Consumer Banking business and displays selected key metrics for the periods indicated.
Table 11: Consumer Banking Business Results
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
Selected income statement data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
1,665

 
$
1,709

 
(3
)%
 
$
3,322

 
$
3,388

 
(2
)%
Non-interest income
 
97

 
166

 
(42
)
 
223

 
326

 
(32
)
Total net revenue
 
1,762

 
1,875

 
(6
)
 
3,545

 
3,714

 
(5
)
Provision for credit losses
 
876

 
165

 
**

 
1,736

 
400

 
**

Non-interest expense
 
1,036

 
1,002

 
3

 
2,027

 
1,996

 
2

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
 
(150
)
 
708

 
**

 
(218
)
 
1,318

 
**

Income tax provision (benefit)
 
(36
)
 
165

 
**

 
(52
)
 
307

 
**

Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
 
$
(114
)
 
$
543

 
**

 
$
(166
)
 
$
1,011

 
**

Selected performance metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average loans held for investment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
$
61,798

 
$
57,070

 
8

 
$
61,401

 
$
56,654

 
8

Retail banking
 
3,053

 
2,788

 
10

 
2,860

 
2,809

 
2

Total consumer banking
 
$
64,851

 
$
59,858

 
8

 
$
64,261

 
$
59,463

 
8

Average yield on loans held for investment(1)
 
8.41
%
 
8.36
%
 
5
bps
 
8.44
%
 
8.25
%
 
19
bps
Average deposits
 
$
232,293

 
$
204,164

 
14
 %
 
$
223,682

 
$
202,627

 
10
 %
Average deposits interest rate
 
0.89
%
 
1.26
%
 
(37
)bps
 
0.97
%
 
1.22
%
 
(25
)bps
Net charge-offs
 
$
192

 
$
172

 
12
 %
 
$
438

 
$
393

 
11
 %
Net charge-off rate
 
1.19
%
 
1.15
%
 
4
bps
 
1.36
%
 
1.32
%
 
4
bps
Auto loan originations
 
$
8,292

 
$
7,327

 
13
 %
 
$
15,931

 
$
13,549

 
18
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Change
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected period-end data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for investment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
$
63,319

 
$
60,362

 
5
 %
 
 
 
 
 

Retail banking
 
3,393

 
2,703

 
26

 
 
 
 
 

Total consumer banking
 
$
66,712

 
$
63,065

 
6

 
 
 
 
 


30+ day performing delinquency rate
 
3.16
%
 
6.63
%
 
(347
)bps
 
 
 
 
 

30+ day delinquency rate
 
3.48

 
7.34

 
(386
)
 
 
 
 
 


Nonperforming loan rate
 
0.43

 
0.81

 
(38
)
 
 
 
 
 


Nonperforming asset rate(2)
 
0.46

 
0.91

 
(45
)
 
 
 
 
 


Allowance for credit losses
 
$
2,838

 
$
1,038

 
173
 %
 
 
 
 
 

Allowance coverage ratio
 
4.25
%
 
1.65
%
 
260
bps
 
 
 
 
 

Deposits
 
$
246,804

 
$
213,099

 
16
 %
 
 
 
 
 

__________
(1) 
Average yield on loans held for investment is calculated by dividing annualized interest income for the period by average loans held for investment during the period. Interest income excludes various allocations including funds transfer pricing that assigns certain balance sheet assets, deposits and other liabilities and their related revenue and expenses attributable to each business segment.
(2) 
Nonperforming assets primarily consist of nonperforming loans and repossessed assets. The total nonperforming asset rate is calculated based on total nonperforming assets divided by the combined period-end total loans held for investment and repossessed assets.
**
Not meaningful.

 
 
27
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Key factors affecting the results of our Consumer Banking business for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 compared to the second quarter and first six months of 2019, and changes in financial condition and credit performance between June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 include the following:
•
Net Interest Income: Net interest income decreased by $44 million to $1.7 billion in the second quarter of 2020 and decreased by $66 million to $3.3 billion in the first six months of 2020 primarily driven by lower margins in our Retail Banking business due to a decline in interest rates, partially offset by growth in our auto loan portfolio, higher deposit volumes, and decrease in deposit rate paid.
•
Non-Interest Income: Non-interest income decreased by $69 million to $97 million in the second quarter of 2020 and decreased by $103 million to $223 million in the first six months of 2020 primarily driven by lower service charges and fees on deposit accounts due to lower transaction volume.
•
Provision for Credit Losses: Provision for credit losses increased by $711 million to $876 million in the second quarter of 2020 and increased by $1.3 billion to $1.7 billion in the first six months of 2020 driven by expectations of economic worsening and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
•
Non-Interest Expense: Non-interest expense increased by $34 million to $1.0 billion in the second quarter of 2020 and increased by $31 million to $2.0 billion in the first six months of 2020 primarily driven by COVID-19 related expenses, including increased pay for certain associates.
•
Loans Held for Investment: Period-end loans held for investment increased by $3.6 billion to $66.7 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 and average loans held for investment increased by $5.0 billion to $64.9 billion in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019 and increased by $4.8 billion to $64.3 billion in the first six months of 2020 compared to the first six months of 2019 primarily due to growth in our auto loan portfolio.
•
Deposits: Period-end deposits increased by $33.7 billion to $246.8 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 primarily driven by deposit growth from increased consumer savings including the impact of government stimulus.
•
Net Charge-Off and Delinquency Metrics: The net charge-off rate increased by 4 basis points to 1.19% in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019 and to 1.36% in the first six months of 2020 compared to the first six months of 2019 primarily driven by our decision to temporarily pause involuntary repossessions and disruptions in vehicle auction markets, partially offset by the impact of short-term payment extensions offered to affected auto borrowers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
•
The 30+ day delinquency rate decreased by 386 basis points to 3.48% as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 driven by lower auto delinquency inventories due to short-term payment extensions offered to affected auto borrowers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the impact of government stimulus.
Commercial Banking Business
The primary sources of revenue for our Commercial Banking business are net interest income from loans and deposits and non-interest income from customer fees and other products and services. Because our Commercial Banking business has loans and investments that generate tax-exempt income, tax credits or other tax benefits, we present the revenues on a taxable-equivalent basis. Expenses primarily consist of the provision for credit losses, operating costs and marketing expenses.
Our Commercial Banking business generated net loss from continuing operations of $118 million and $529 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively, compared to net income of $157 million and $303 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively.

 
 
28
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Table 12 summarizes the financial results of our Commercial Banking business and displays selected key metrics for the periods indicated.
Table 12: Commercial Banking Business Results
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
Selected income statement data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
518

 
$
514

 
1
 %
 
$
1,009

 
$
1,003

 
1
 %
Non-interest income
 
180

 
200

 
(10
)
 
418

 
387

 
8

Total net revenue(1)
 
698

 
714

 
(2
)
 
1,427

 
1,390

 
3

Provision for credit losses(2)
 
427

 
82

 
**

 
1,283

 
151

 
**

Non-interest expense
 
425

 
427

 
—

 
837

 
844

 
(1
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
 
(154
)
 
205

 
**

 
(693
)
 
395

 
**

Income tax provision (benefit)
 
(36
)
 
48

 
**

 
(164
)
 
92

 
**

Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
 
$
(118
)
 
$
157

 
**

 
$
(529
)
 
$
303

 
**

Selected performance metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average loans held for investment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
$
31,723

 
$
29,514

 
7

 
$
31,402

 
$
29,276

 
7

Commercial and industrial
 
48,036

 
42,476

 
13

 
46,699

 
42,304

 
10

Total commercial lending
 
79,759

 
71,990

 
11

 
78,101

 
71,580

 
9

Small-ticket commercial real estate
 
—

 
7

 
**

 
—

 
139

 
**

Total commercial banking
 
$
79,759

 
$
71,997

 
11

 
$
78,101

 
$
71,719

 
9

Average yield on loans held for investment(1)(3)
 
3.00
%
 
4.75
%
 
(175
)bps
 
3.43
%
 
4.68
%
 
(125
)bps
Average deposits
 
$
34,635

 
$
31,364

 
10
 %
 
$
33,437

 
$
31,092

 
8
 %
Average deposits interest rate
 
0.30
%
 
1.28
%
 
(98
)bps
 
0.58
%
 
1.19
%
 
(61
)bps
Net charge-offs
 
$
102

 
$
16

 
**

 
$
211

 
$
30

 
**

Net charge-off rate
 
0.51
%
 
0.09
%
 
42
bps
 
0.54
%
 
0.08
%
 
46
bps
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Change
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected period-end data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for investment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
$
30,953

 
$
30,245

 
2
 %
 
 
 
 
 

Commercial and industrial
 
46,537

 
44,263

 
5

 
 
 
 
 

Total commercial banking
 
$
77,490

 
$
74,508

 
4

 
 
 
 
 

Nonperforming loan rate
 
0.85
%
 
0.60
%
 
25
bps
 
 
 
 
 


Nonperforming asset rate(4)
 
0.85

 
0.60

 
25

 
 
 
 
 

Allowance for credit losses(2)
 
$
1,903

 
$
775

 
146
 %
 
 
 
 
 

Allowance coverage ratio
 
2.46
%
 
1.04
%
 
142
bps
 
 
 
 
 


Deposits
 
$
35,669

 
$
32,134

 
11
 %
 
 
 
 
 

Loans serviced for others
 
40,582

 
38,481

 
5

 
 
 
 
 

__________
(1) 
Some of our commercial investments generate tax-exempt income, tax credits or other tax benefits. Accordingly, we present our Commercial Banking revenue and yields on a taxable-equivalent basis, calculated using the federal statutory tax rate of 21% and state taxes where applicable, with offsetting reductions to the Other category.
(2) 
The provision for losses on unfunded lending commitments is included in the provision for credit losses in our consolidated statements of income and the related reserve is included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Our reserve for unfunded lending commitments totaled $218 million and $130 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(3) 
Average yield on loans held for investment is calculated by dividing annualized interest income for the period by average loans held for investment during the period. Interest income excludes various allocations including funds transfer pricing that assigns certain balance sheet assets, deposits and other liabilities and their related revenue and expenses attributable to each business segment.
(4) 
Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and other foreclosed assets. The total nonperforming asset rate is calculated based on total nonperforming assets divided by the combined period-end total loans held for investment and other foreclosed assets.

 
 
29
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

**
Not meaningful.
Key factors affecting the results of our Commercial Banking business for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 compared to the second quarter and first six months of 2019, and changes in financial condition and credit performance between June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 include the following:
•
Net Interest Income: Net interest income remained substantially flat at $518 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $1.0 billion in the first six months of 2020 as higher average loan and deposit balances were offset by lower loan and deposit margins.
•
Non-Interest Income: Non-interest income decreased by $20 million to $180 million in the second quarter of 2020 primarily driven by the absence of certain transaction gains. Non-interest income increased by $31 million to $418 million in the first six months of 2020 primarily driven by higher revenue from our capital markets and agency businesses.
•
Provision for Credit Losses: Provision for credit losses increased by $345 million to $427 million in the second quarter of 2020 driven by expectations of continued economic worsening resulting from COVID-19. Provision for credit losses increased by $1.1 billion to $1.3 billion in the first six months of 2020 driven by expectations of economic worsening and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as credit deterioration in our commercial energy loan portfolio.
•
Non-Interest Expense: Non-interest expense remained substantially flat at $425 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $837 million in the first six months of 2020.
•
Loans Held for Investment: Period-end loans held for investment increased by $3.0 billion to $77.5 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019, and average loans held for investment increased by $7.8 billion to $79.8 billion in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019 and increased by $6.4 billion to $78.1 billion in the first six months of 2020 compared to the first six months of 2019 driven by growth across our commercial loan portfolio.
•
Deposits: Period-end deposits increased by $3.5 billion to $35.7 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 primarily driven by new business growth and elevated client liquidity needs.
•
Net Charge-Off and Nonperforming Metrics: The net charge-off rate increased by 42 basis points to 0.51% in the second quarter of 2020 and increased by 46 basis points to 0.54% in the first six months of 2020 primarily driven by elevated charge-offs in our commercial energy loan portfolio.
The nonperforming loan rate increased by 25 basis points to 0.85% as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 driven by credit downgrades in industries that are most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Other Category
Other includes unallocated amounts related to our centralized Corporate Treasury group activities, such as management of our corporate investment securities portfolio, asset/liability management and certain capital management activities. Other also includes:
•
unallocated corporate revenue and expenses that do not directly support the operations of the business segments or for which the business segments are not considered financially accountable in evaluating their performance, such as certain restructuring charges;
•
offsets related to certain line-item reclassifications;
•
residual tax expense or benefit to arrive at the consolidated effective tax rate that is not assessed to our primary business segments; and
•
foreign exchange-rate fluctuations on foreign currency-denominated balances.

 
 
30
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Table 13 summarizes the financial results of our Other category for the periods indicated.
Table 13: Other Category Results
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
 
2020
 
2019
 
Change
Selected income statement data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income (loss)
 
$
(92
)
 
$
(8
)
 
**

 
$
83

 
$
25

 
**

Non-interest loss
 
(26
)
 
(26
)
 
—

 
(77
)
 
(31
)
 
148
%
Total net revenue (loss)(1)
 
(118
)
 
(34
)
 
**

 
6

 
(6
)
 
**

Provision (benefit) for credit losses
 
(1
)
 
—

 
**

 
4

 
—

 
**

Non-interest expense(2)
 
340

 
97

 
**

 
458

 
186

 
146

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
 
(457
)
 
(131
)
 
**

 
(456
)
 
(192
)
 
138

Income tax benefit
 
(305
)
 
(109
)
 
180
%
 
(418
)
 
(215
)
 
94

Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
 
$
(152
)
 
$
(22
)
 
**

 
$
(38
)
 
$
23

 
**

__________
(1) 
Some of our commercial investments generate tax-exempt income, tax credits or other tax benefits. Accordingly, we present our Commercial Banking revenue and yields on a taxable-equivalent basis, calculated using the federal statutory tax rate of 21% and state taxes where applicable, with offsetting reductions to the Other category.
(2) 
Includes legal reserve builds of $265 million and $310 million, and net Cybersecurity Incident expenses of $11 million and $15 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively.
**
Not meaningful.
Net loss from continuing operations recorded in the Other category was $152 million and $38 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively, compared to net loss of $22 million in the second quarter of 2019 and net income of $23 million in the first six months of 2019 primarily driven by legal reserve builds.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make a number of judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the amount of assets, liabilities, income and expenses on the consolidated financial statements. Understanding our accounting policies and the extent to which we use management judgment and estimates in applying these policies is integral to understanding our financial statements. We provide a summary of our significant accounting policies under “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in this Report and in our 2019 Form 10-K.
We have identified the following accounting estimates as critical because they require significant judgments and assumptions about highly complex and inherently uncertain matters and the use of reasonably different estimates and assumptions could have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition. Our critical accounting policies and estimates are as follows:
•
Loan loss reserves
•
Asset impairment
•
Fair value of financial instruments
•
Customer rewards reserve
We evaluate our critical accounting estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis and update them as necessary, based on changing conditions.

 
 
31
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Loan Loss Reserves
In the first quarter of 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“CECL”) and updated our critical accounting policy and estimate for loan loss reserves. We maintain an allowance for credit losses that represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses inherent in our credit card, consumer banking and commercial banking loans held for investment as of each balance sheet date. We also separately reserve for unfunded lending commitments that are not unconditionally cancellable. For all such loans and unfunded lending commitments, our estimate of expected credit losses includes a reasonable and supportable forecast period of one year and then reverts over a one-year period to historical losses. We build our allowance for credit losses and reserve for unfunded lending commitments through the provision for credit losses, which is driven by charge-offs, changes in the allowance for credit losses and changes in the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. The allowance for credit losses was $16.8 billion as of June 30, 2020 and $7.2 billion as of December 31, 2019.
We have an established process, using analytical tools and management judgment, to determine our allowance for credit losses. Establishing the allowance each quarter involves evaluating many factors including, but not limited to, historical loss and recovery experience, recent trends in delinquencies and charge-offs, risk ratings, the impact of bankruptcy filings, the value of collateral underlying secured loans, account seasoning, changes in our credit evaluation, underwriting and collection management policies, seasonality, credit bureau scores, current general economic conditions, our reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, changes in the legal and regulatory environment and uncertainties in forecasting and modeling techniques used in estimating our allowance for credit losses. Key factors that have a significant impact on our allowance for credit losses include assumptions about employment levels, home prices and the valuation of commercial properties, automobiles and other collateral.
We have a governance framework intended to ensure that our estimate of the allowance for credit losses is appropriate. Our governance framework provides for oversight of methods, models, qualitative adjustments, process controls and results. At least quarterly, representatives from the Finance and Risk Management organizations review and assess our allowance methodologies, key assumptions and the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses.
Groups independent of our estimation functions participate in the review and validation process. Tasks performed by these groups include periodic review of the rationale for and quantification of inputs requiring judgment as well as adjustments to results.
We have a model policy, established by an independent Model Risk Office, which governs the validation of models and related supporting documentation to ensure the appropriate use of models for estimating credit losses. The Model Risk Office validates all models and requires ongoing monitoring of their performance.
In addition to the allowance for credit losses, on a quarterly basis, we review and assess our estimate of expected losses related to unfunded lending commitments that are not unconditionally cancellable. The factors impacting our assessment generally align with those considered in our evaluation of the allowance for credit losses for the Commercial Banking business. Changes to the reserve for losses on unfunded lending commitments are recorded through the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income and to other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Although we examine a variety of externally available data, as well as our internal loan performance data, to determine our allowance for credit losses and reserve for unfunded lending commitments, our estimation process is subject to risks and uncertainties, including a reliance on historical loss and trend information that may not be representative of current conditions and indicative of future performance as well as economic forecasts that may not align with actual future economic conditions. Accordingly, our actual credit loss experience may not be in line with our expectations. We provide additional information on the methodologies and key assumptions used in determining our allowance for credit losses for each of our loan portfolio segments in “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and changes in our allowance in “Note 4—Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments.”
Finance Charge and Fee Reserve
Finance charges and fees on credit card loans are recorded in revenue when earned. Billed finance charges and fees on credit card loans are included in loans held for investment while unbilled finance charges and fees are included in interest receivable. We continue to accrue finance charges and fees on credit card loans until the account is charged off. Billed finance charges and fees that are charged-off are reflected as a reduction to revenue.
Concurrent with our adoption of the CECL standard in the first quarter of 2020, we reclassified our finance charge and fee reserve of $462 million to our allowance for credit losses, with a corresponding increase to credit card loans held for investment. We

 
 
32
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

review and assess the appropriateness of our finance charge and fee reserve on a quarterly basis. Our methodology for estimating the uncollectible portion of finance charges and fees is consistent with the methodology we use to estimate the allowance for credit losses on the principal portion of our credit card loan receivables.
Asset Impairment
In addition to our loan portfolio, we review other assets for impairment on a regular basis in accordance with applicable accounting guidance. This process requires significant management judgment and involves various estimates and assumptions.
Goodwill
We perform our goodwill impairment test annually on October 1 at a reporting unit level. As of our last annual test and as of June 30, 2020, we had four reporting units which included Credit Card, Auto Finance, Other Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking. We are also required to test goodwill for impairment when a triggering event occurs that indicates it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying amount. The macroeconomic, industry and market factors previously identified in the first quarter of 2020 coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic persisted in the second quarter as there continued to be disruption in the economy and interest rates remain low. We determined it was more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units remained substantially in excess of their carrying values as of June 30, 2020. We will continue to monitor developments regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and measures implemented in response to the pandemic, our market capitalization, overall economic conditions and any other triggering events or circumstances that may cause an impairment of goodwill in the future.
In the first quarter of 2020, we adopted ASU 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment and updated our critical accounting policy for goodwill impairment. Historical guidance for goodwill impairment testing prescribed that the company must compare each reporting unit’s carrying value to its fair value. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, an entity performs the second step, which assigns the reporting unit’s fair value to its assets and liabilities, including unrecognized assets and liabilities, in the same manner as required in purchase accounting to determine the impairment. This ASU eliminates the second step. Under the new guidance, an impairment of a reporting unit’s goodwill is determined based on the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.
There have been no additional changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates described in our 2019 Form 10-K under “MD&A—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.”
ACCOUNTING CHANGES AND DEVELOPMENTS
Accounting Standards Issued but Not Adopted as of June 30, 2020
Standard
 
Guidance
 
Adoption Timing and Financial Statement Impacts
Reference Rate Reform
ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effect of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting
Issued March 2020
 
The amendments in this ASU provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met.
 
This ASU is effective from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 with early adoption as of January 1, 2020 permitted.

We are evaluating the expected impact of and our operational readiness for this ASU.
Income Tax Accounting Simplification
ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes
Issued December 2019
 
Simplifies various aspects of the guidance on accounting for income taxes.
 
This ASU is effective January 1, 2021 with early adoption permitted, using the retrospective, modified retrospective and prospective methods of adoption.

We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard.
See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for information on the accounting standards we adopted in 2020.

 
 
33
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
The level and composition of our capital are determined by multiple factors, including our consolidated regulatory capital requirements and internal risk-based capital assessments such as internal stress testing and economic capital. The level and composition of our capital may also be influenced by rating agency guidelines, subsidiary capital requirements, business environment, conditions in the financial markets and assessments of potential future losses due to adverse changes in our business and market environments.
Capital Standards and Prompt Corrective Action
We are subject to capital adequacy standards adopted by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”), Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) (collectively, the “Federal Banking Agencies”), including the capital rules that implemented the Basel III capital framework (“Basel III Capital Rule”) developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (“Basel Committee”). Moreover, the Banks, as insured depository institutions, are subject to Prompt Corrective Action (“PCA”) capital regulations.
The Basel III Capital Rule includes the “Basel III Standardized Approach” and the “Basel III Advanced Approaches.” We entered parallel run under Basel III Advanced Approaches on January 1, 2015, during which we were required to calculate capital ratios under both the Basel III Standardized Approach and the Basel III Advanced Approaches, though we used the Standardized Approach for purposes of meeting regulatory capital requirements.
In October 2019, the Federal Banking Agencies amended the Basel III Capital Rule to provide for tailored application of certain capital requirements across different categories of banking institutions (“Tailoring Rules”). As a bank holding company (“BHC”) with total consolidated assets of at least $250 billion that does not exceed any of the applicable risk-based thresholds, we are a Category III institution under the Tailoring Rules. As such, we are no longer subject to the Basel III Advanced Approaches and certain associated capital requirements and have the option of excluding certain elements of Accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) from our regulatory capital. Effective in the first quarter of 2020, we excluded certain elements of AOCI from our regulatory capital as permitted by the Tailoring Rules.
In July 2019, the Federal Banking Agencies finalized certain changes in the Basel III Capital Rule for institutions not subject to the Basel III Advanced Approaches, including Capital One (“Capital Simplification Rule”). These changes, effective January 1, 2020, generally raise the threshold above which institutions subject to the Capital Simplification Rule must deduct certain assets from their common equity Tier 1 capital, including certain deferred tax assets, mortgage servicing assets, and investments in unconsolidated financial institutions. While the higher thresholds will not impact our current capital levels, in stress scenarios they may provide a benefit by enabling us to include more deferred tax assets in our common equity Tier 1 capital. The Tailoring Rules and Capital Simplification Rule have, taken together, decreased our capital requirements.
The Basel III Capital Rule requires banking institutions to maintain a capital conservation buffer, composed of common equity Tier 1 capital, above the regulatory minimum ratios. In March 2020, the Federal Reserve issued a final rule to implement the stress capital buffer requirement (“Stress Capital Buffer Final Rule”). Pursuant to the Stress Capital Buffer Final Rule, which became effective in May 2020, the Federal Reserve will use the results of its supervisory stress test to determine the size of a banking institution’s stress capital buffer requirement. In particular, a banking institution’s stress capital buffer requirement will equal, subject to a floor of 2.5%, the sum of (i) the difference between the banking institution’s starting common equity Tier 1 capital ratio and its lowest projected common equity Tier 1 capital ratio under the severely adverse scenario of the Federal Reserve’s supervisory stress test plus (ii) the ratio of the banking institution’s projected four quarters of common stock dividends (for the fourth to seventh quarters of the planning horizon) to the projected risk-weighted assets for the quarter in which the banking institution’s projected common equity Tier 1 capital ratio reaches its minimum under the supervisory stress test.
In addition, Category III institutions, including the Company and the Banks, are subject to certain capital requirements formerly applicable only to Basel III Advanced Approaches banking organizations. Category III institutions are subject to a supplementary leverage ratio of 3.0% and their capital conservation buffer may be supplemented by an incremental countercyclical capital buffer of up to 2.5% composed of common equity Tier 1 capital and set at the discretion of the Federal Banking Agencies. As of June 30, 2020, the countercyclical capital buffer was zero percent in the United States. A determination to increase the countercyclical capital buffer generally would be effective twelve months after the announcement of such an increase, unless the Federal Banking Agencies set an earlier effective date.

 
 
34
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

The Market Risk Rule requires institutions subject to the rule to adjust their risk-based capital ratios to reflect the market risk in their trading portfolios. As of June 30, 2020, the Company and CONA are subject to the Market Risk Rule. See “MD&A—Market Risk Profile” below for additional information.
In March 2020, as part of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Banking Agencies announced an interim final rule (“2020 CECL IFR”) that provides banking organizations an optional five-year transition period to phase in the impact of CECL on regulatory capital (the “2020 CECL Transition Election”).
Pursuant to the 2020 CECL IFR, banking organizations may elect to delay for two years the estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital and then phase in the estimated cumulative impact of the initial two-year delay over the next three years. The estimated cumulative impact of CECL, which will be phased in during the three-year transition period, includes the after-tax impact of adopting the CECL standard and the estimated impact of CECL in the initial two years thereafter. The 2020 CECL IFR introduced a uniform “scaling factor” of 25% for estimating the impact of CECL during the initial two years. The 25% “scaling factor” is an approximation of the impact of differences in credit loss allowances reflected under the CECL standard versus the incurred loss methodology. We reflected the 2020 CECL Transition Election in the applicable amounts presented in this Report and the corresponding amounts as of March 31, 2020.
As of June 30, 2020, the minimum capital requirements plus the capital conservation buffer of 2.5% and the countercyclical capital buffer (currently set as 0%) for common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital ratios were 7.0%, 8.5% and 10.5%, respectively, for the Company and the Banks. A common equity Tier 1 capital ratio, Tier 1 capital ratio, or total capital ratio below the applicable regulatory minimum ratio plus the applicable capital conservation buffer and the applicable countercyclical buffer (if set to an amount greater than 0%) might restrict a banking organization’s ability to distribute capital and make discretionary bonus payments. Effective October 1, 2020, our stress capital buffer requirement will replace the existing 2.5% capital conservation buffer.
The Company exceeded the minimum capital requirements and each of the Banks exceeded the minimum regulatory requirements and were well capitalized under PCA requirements as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
For the description of the regulatory capital rules we are subject to, see “MD&A—Supervision and Regulation” in this Report and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 as well as “Part I—Item 1. Business—Supervision and Regulation” in our 2019 Form 10-K.

 
 
35
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Table 14 provides a comparison of our regulatory capital ratios under the Basel III Standardized Approach, the regulatory minimum capital adequacy ratios and the PCA well-capitalized level for each ratio, where applicable, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 14: Capital Ratios Under Basel III(1)(2)
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Ratio
 
Minimum
Capital
Adequacy
 
Well-
Capitalized
 
Ratio
 
Minimum
Capital
Adequacy
 
Well-
Capitalized
Capital One Financial Corp:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common equity Tier 1 capital(3)
 
12.4
%
 
4.5
%
 
N/A

 
12.2
%
 
4.5
%
 
N/A

Tier 1 capital(4)
 
14.2

 
6.0

 
6.0
%
 
13.7

 
6.0

 
6.0
%
Total capital(5) 
 
16.7

 
8.0

 
10.0

 
16.1

 
8.0

 
10.0

Tier 1 leverage(6)
 
10.3

 
4.0

 
N/A

 
11.7

 
4.0

 
N/A

Supplementary leverage(7)(8)
 
9.7

 
3.0

 
N/A

 
9.9

 
3.0

 
N/A

COBNA:
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common equity Tier 1 capital(3)
 
19.2

 
4.5

 
6.5

 
16.1

 
4.5

 
6.5

Tier 1 capital(4)
 
19.2

 
6.0

 
8.0

 
16.1

 
6.0

 
8.0

Total capital(5) 
 
21.1

 
8.0

 
10.0

 
18.1

 
8.0

 
10.0

Tier 1 leverage(6)
 
15.3

 
4.0

 
5.0

 
14.8

 
4.0

 
5.0

Supplementary leverage(7)
 
12.3

 
3.0

 
N/A

 
12.1

 
3.0

 
N/A

CONA:
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common equity Tier 1 capital(3)
 
11.8

 
4.5

 
6.5

 
13.4

 
4.5

 
6.5

Tier 1 capital(4)
 
11.8

 
6.0

 
8.0

 
13.4

 
6.0

 
8.0

Total capital(5) 
 
13.1

 
8.0

 
10.0

 
14.5

 
8.0

 
10.0

Tier 1 leverage(6)
 
7.3

 
4.0

 
5.0

 
9.2

 
4.0

 
5.0

Supplementary leverage(7)
 
6.6

 
3.0

 
N/A

 
8.2

 
3.0

 
N/A

__________
(1) 
Capital requirements that are not applicable are denoted by “N/A.”
(2) 
Ratios as of June 30, 2020 are preliminary. As we continue to validate our data, the calculations are subject to change until we file our June 30, 2020 Form FR Y-9C—Consolidated Financial Statements for Holding Companies and Call Reports.
(3) 
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio is a regulatory capital measure calculated based on common equity Tier 1 capital divided by risk-weighted assets.
(4) 
Tier 1 capital ratio is a regulatory capital measure calculated based on Tier 1 capital divided by risk-weighted assets.
(5) 
Total capital ratio is a regulatory capital measure calculated based on total capital divided by risk-weighted assets.
(6) 
Tier 1 leverage ratio is a regulatory capital measure calculated based on Tier 1 capital divided by adjusted average assets.
(7) 
Supplementary leverage ratio is a regulatory capital measure calculated based on Tier 1 capital divided by total leverage exposure.
(8) 
Supplementary leverage ratio for the Company as of June 30, 2020 excludes U.S. Treasury securities and deposits with the Federal Reserve Banks pursuant to an interim final rule issued by the Federal Reserve, see “MD&A—Supervision and Regulation” for more information.

 
 
36
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Table 15 presents regulatory capital under the Basel III Standardized Approach and regulatory capital metrics as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 15: Regulatory Risk-Based Capital Components and Regulatory Capital Metrics
(Dollars in millions)
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Regulatory Capital Under Basel III Standardized Approach
 
 
 
 
Common equity excluding AOCI
 
$
50,614

 
$
52,001

Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
AOCI, net of tax(1)
 
(145
)
 
1,156

Goodwill, net of related deferred tax liabilities
 
(14,449
)
 
(14,465
)
Intangible assets, net of related deferred tax liabilities
 
(135
)
 
(170
)
Other(1)
 
—

 
(360
)
Common equity Tier 1 capital
 
35,885

 
38,162

Tier 1 capital instruments
 
5,209

 
4,853

Tier 1 capital
 
41,094

 
43,015

Tier 2 capital instruments
 
3,676

 
3,377

Qualifying allowance for credit losses
 
3,738

 
3,956

Tier 2 capital
 
7,414

 
7,333

Total capital
 
$
48,508

 
$
50,348

 
 
 
 
 
Regulatory Capital Metrics
 
 
 
 
Risk-weighted assets
 
$
290,222

 
$
313,155

Adjusted average assets
 
398,062

 
368,511

Total leverage exposure
 
422,007

 
435,976

__________
(1) 
In the first quarter of 2020, we elected to exclude from our regulatory capital ratios certain components of AOCI as permitted under the Tailoring Rules. As such, we revised our presentation herein to only include those components of AOCI that impact our regulatory capital ratios.
Capital Planning and Regulatory Stress Testing
On June 25, 2020, the Federal Reserve released the stress testing results for the 2020 Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (“CCAR”) cycle, including additional sensitivity analyses conducted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Federal Reserve has required all participating banks, including us, to update and resubmit their capital plans later this year. Pursuant to the Federal Reserve’s capital plan rule, a participating bank, such as us, is prohibited from making capital distributions without the prior approval of the Federal Reserve following an event requiring the resubmission of its capital plan. Specifically for the third quarter of 2020, the Federal Reserve has required all participating banks, including us, to preserve capital by suspending share repurchases and capping common stock dividend payments to the lower of (i) the amount paid in the second quarter of 2020 and (ii) an amount equal to the average net income across the four preceding calendar quarters. Such restrictions may be extended by the Federal Reserve quarter-by-quarter as economic conditions continue to evolve. Scheduled payments on additional Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital instruments, such as preferred stock and subordinated debt, are not similarly restricted.
As part of the 2020 CCAR process, the Federal Reserve calculated our indicative stress capital buffer requirement as 5.6%. Our stress capital buffer requirement will be finalized by August 31, 2020 and will become effective October 1, 2020. When combined with our minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, our common equity Tier 1 capital ratio requirement under the stress capital buffer framework is expected to be 10.1%.
We suspended our 2019 Stock Repurchase Program in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on March 13, 2020. Consistent with the Federal Reserve’s limitations on common stock dividend payments as described above, we reduced our quarterly dividend on our common stock from $0.40 per share to $0.10 per share for the third quarter of 2020.

 
 
37
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

For the description of the regulatory capital planning rules we are subject to, see “MD&A—Supervision and Regulation” in this Report and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 as well as “Part I—Item 1. Business—Supervision and Regulation” in our 2019 Form 10-K.
Equity Offerings and Transactions
On January 31, 2020, we issued 50,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series J, $0.01 par value, with a liquidation preference of $25 per depositary share (“Series J Preferred Stock”). The net proceeds of the offering of Series J Preferred Stock were approximately $1.2 billion, after deducting underwriting commissions and offering expenses. Dividends on the Series J Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears at a rate of 4.80% per annum.
On March 2, 2020, we redeemed all outstanding shares of our Fixed Rate 6.00% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock Series B. The redemption increased our net loss available to common shareholders by $22 million in the first quarter of 2020.
Dividend Policy and Stock Purchases
In the first six months of 2020, we declared and paid common stock dividends of $370 million, or $0.80 per share, and preferred stock dividends of $145 million. The following table summarizes the dividends paid per share on our various preferred stock series in the first six months of 2020.
Table 16: Preferred Stock Dividends Paid Per Share
Series
 
Description
 
Issuance Date
 
Per Annum Dividend Rate
 
Dividend Frequency
 
2020
Q2
 
Q1
Series B(1)
 
6.00%
Non-Cumulative
 
August 20, 2012
 
6.00%
 
Quarterly
 
—
 
$15.00
Series E
 
Fixed-to-Floating Rate
Non-Cumulative
 
May 14, 2015
 
5.55% through 5/31/2020;
3-mo. LIBOR+ 380 bps thereafter
 
Semi-Annually through 5/31/2020; Quarterly thereafter
 
$27.75
 
—
Series F
 
6.20%
Non-Cumulative
 
August 24, 2015
 
6.20
 
Quarterly
 
15.50
 
15.50
Series G
 
5.20%
Non-Cumulative
 
July 29, 2016
 
5.20
 
Quarterly
 
13.00
 
13.00
Series H
 
6.00%
Non-Cumulative
 
November 29, 2016
 
6.00
 
Quarterly
 
15.00
 
15.00
Series I
 
5.00%
Non-Cumulative
 
September 11, 2019
 
5.00
 
Quarterly
 
12.50
 
12.50
Series J
 
4.80%
Non-Cumulative
 
January 31, 2020
 
4.80
 
Quarterly
 
16.13
 
—
__________
(1) 
On March 2, 2020, we redeemed all outstanding shares of our preferred stock Series B.
The declaration and payment of dividends to our stockholders, as well as the amount thereof, are subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, capital levels, cash requirements, future prospects, regulatory requirements and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors. As a BHC, our ability to pay dividends is largely dependent upon the receipt of dividends or other payments from our subsidiaries. The Banks are subject to regulatory restrictions that limit their ability to transfer funds to our BHC. As of June 30, 2020, there were $1.4 billion of funds available for dividend payments from COBNA and no funds available for dividend payments from CONA. There can be no assurance that we will declare and pay any dividends to stockholders. Consistent with our 2019 Stock Repurchase Program which was announced on June 27, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $2.2 billion of shares of common stock beginning in the third quarter of 2019 through the end of the second quarter of 2020. During the first quarter of 2020, we repurchased approximately $312 million of shares of our common stock under the 2019 Stock Repurchase Program before suspending further repurchases on March 13, 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The timing and exact amount of any future common stock repurchases will depend on various factors, including regulatory approval, market conditions, opportunities for growth, our capital position and the amount of retained earnings. Our stock repurchase program does not include specific price targets, may be executed through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions,

 
 
38
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

including utilizing Rule 10b5-1 programs, and may be suspended at any time. For additional information on dividends and stock repurchases, see “MD&A—Capital Management—Capital Planning and Regulatory Stress Testing” and “Part I—Item 1. Business—Supervision and Regulation—Dividends, Stock Repurchases and Transfers of Funds” in our 2019 Form 10-K.
RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk Management Framework
Our Risk Management Framework (the “Framework”) sets consistent expectations for risk management across the Company. It also sets expectations for our “Three Lines of Defense” model, which defines the roles, responsibilities and accountabilities for taking and managing risk across the Company. Accountability for overseeing an effective Framework resides with our Board of Directors either directly or through its committees.
The “First Line of Defense” consists of any line of business or function that is accountable for risk taking and is responsible for: (i) engaging in activities designed to generate revenue or reduce expenses; (ii) providing operational support or servicing to any business function for the delivery of products or services to customers; or (iii) providing technology services in direct support of first line business areas. Each line of business or first line function is responsible for managing the risks associated with their activities, including identifying, assessing, measuring, monitoring, controlling, and reporting the risks within its business activities, consistent with the risk framework. The “Second Line of Defense” consists of two types of functions: Independent Risk Management (“IRM”) and Support Functions. IRM oversees risk-taking activities and assesses risks and issues independent from the first line of defense. Support Functions are centers of specialized expertise (e.g., Human Resources, Accounting, Legal) that provide support services to the Company. The “Third Line of Defense” is comprised of the Internal Audit and Credit Review functions. The third line provides independent and objective assurance to senior management and to the Board of Directors that the first and second lines of defense have systems and governance processes which are well-designed and working as intended, and that the Framework is appropriate for our size, complexity and risk profile.
Our Framework consists of the following nine elements:

 Governance and Accountability

 

Strategy and Risk Alignment

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Risk Identification

 

Assessment, Measurement
and Response

 

Monitoring and Testing

 

Aggregation, Reporting and Escalation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Capital and Liquidity Management (including Stress Testing)

 

Risk Data and Enabling Technology

 

Culture and Talent Management

We provide additional discussion of our risk management principles, roles and responsibilities, framework and risk appetite under “MD&A—Risk Management” in our 2019 Form 10-K.

 
 
39
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Risk Categories
We apply our Framework to protect the Company from the major categories of risk that we are exposed to through our business activities. The Framework was revised in July 2020 to remove Legal risk as a standalone risk category and the risk methodology was refined to incorporate the assessment of legal impacts across the remaining risk categories. These enhancements are aligned with regulatory guidance and industry practices. These changes continue to enable effective outcomes of our key processes supporting the identification, assessment, measurement, monitoring, and controlling and reporting of risk, as well as the Legal Department’s role as a Second Line Support Function as defined within the Framework.
As a result of the revision to the Framework, we now have seven major categories of risk as noted below. We provide a description of these categories and how we manage them under “MD&A—Risk Management” in our 2019 Form 10-K.
•
Compliance risk
•
Credit risk
•
Liquidity risk
•
Market risk
•
Operational risk
•
Reputation risk
•
Strategic risk
CREDIT RISK PROFILE
Our loan portfolio accounts for the substantial majority of our credit risk exposure. Our lending activities are governed under our credit policy and are subject to independent review and approval. Below we provide information about the composition of our loan portfolio, key concentrations and credit performance metrics.
We also engage in certain non-lending activities that may give rise to ongoing credit and counterparty settlement risk, including purchasing securities for our investment securities portfolio, entering into derivative transactions to manage our market risk exposure and to accommodate customers, extending short-term advances on syndication activity including bridge financing transactions we have underwritten, depositing certain operational cash balances in other financial institutions, executing certain foreign exchange transactions and extending customer overdrafts. We provide additional information related to our investment securities portfolio under “MD&A—Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis—Investment Securities” and credit risk related to derivative transactions in “Note 8—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.”
Portfolio Composition of Loans Held for Investment
We provide a variety of lending products. Our primary products include credit cards, auto loans and commercial lending products. For information on our lending policies and procedures, including our underwriting criteria for our primary loan products, see “MD&A—Credit Risk Profile” in our 2019 Form 10-K.
Our loan portfolio consists of loans held for investment, including loans held in our consolidated trusts, and loans held for sale. The information presented in this section exclude loans held for sale, which totaled $711 million and $400 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Concurrent with our adoption of the CECL standard in the first quarter of 2020, we reclassified our finance charge and fee reserve to our allowance for credit losses, with a corresponding increase to credit card loans held for investment.

 
 
40
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Table 17 presents the composition of our portfolio of loans held for investment by portfolio segment as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 17: Portfolio Composition of Loans Held for Investment
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Loans
 
% of Total
 
Loans
 
% of Total
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic credit card
 
$
99,390

 
39.5
%
 
$
118,606

 
44.6
%
International card businesses
 
7,920

 
3.2

 
9,630

 
3.6

Total credit card
 
107,310

 
42.7

 
128,236

 
48.2

Consumer Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
63,319

 
25.2

 
60,362

 
22.7

Retail banking(1) 
 
3,393

 
1.3

 
2,703

 
1.0

Total consumer banking
 
66,712

 
26.5

 
63,065

 
23.7

Commercial Banking:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
30,953

 
12.3

 
30,245

 
11.4

Commercial and industrial
 
46,537

 
18.5

 
44,263

 
16.7

Total commercial banking
 
77,490

 
30.8

 
74,508

 
28.1

Total loans held for investment
 
$
251,512

 
100.0
%
 
$
265,809

 
100.0
%
__________
(1) 
Includes PPP loans of $931 million and $231 million in our retail and commercial loan portfolios, respectively, as of June 30, 2020. See “MD&A—Credit Risk Profile—COVID-19 Customer Assistance Programs and Loan Modifications” for more information.
Geographic Composition
We market our credit card products throughout the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Our credit card loan portfolio is geographically diversified due to our product and marketing approach. The table below presents the geographic profile of our credit card loan portfolio as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 18: Credit Card Portfolio by Geographic Region
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amount
 
% of Total
 
Amount
 
% of Total
Domestic credit card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
 
$
10,263

 
9.6
%
 
$
12,538

 
9.8
%
Texas
 
8,093

 
7.5

 
9,353

 
7.3

Florida
 
6,867

 
6.4

 
8,093

 
6.3

New York
 
6,475

 
6.0

 
7,941

 
6.2

Illinois
 
4,284

 
4.0

 
5,195

 
4.1

Pennsylvania
 
4,178

 
3.9

 
4,979

 
3.9

Ohio
 
3,653

 
3.4

 
4,388

 
3.4

New Jersey
 
3,216

 
3.0

 
3,915

 
3.1

Michigan
 
3,133

 
2.9

 
3,811

 
3.0

Other
 
49,228

 
45.9

 
58,393

 
45.4

Total domestic credit card
 
99,390

 
92.6

 
118,606

 
92.5

International card businesses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canada
 
5,353

 
5.0

 
6,493

 
5.1

United Kingdom
 
2,567

 
2.4

 
3,137

 
2.4

Total international card businesses
 
7,920

 
7.4

 
9,630

 
7.5

Total credit card
 
$
107,310

 
100.0
%
 
$
128,236

 
100.0
%

 
 
41
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Our auto loan portfolio is geographically diversified in the United States due to our product and marketing approach. Retail banking includes small business loans and other consumer lending products originated through our branch network. The table below presents the geographic profile of our auto loan and retail banking portfolios as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 19: Consumer Banking Portfolio by Geographic Region
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amount
 
% of Total
 
Amount
 
% of Total
Auto:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Texas
 
$
8,054

 
12.1
%
 
$
7,675

 
12.2
%
California
 
7,242

 
10.9

 
6,918

 
11.0

Florida
 
5,316

 
8.0

 
5,013

 
7.9

Georgia
 
2,886

 
4.3

 
2,757

 
4.4

Ohio
 
2,735

 
4.1

 
2,652

 
4.2

Pennsylvania
 
2,420

 
3.6

 
2,334

 
3.7

Illinois
 
2,314

 
3.5

 
2,239

 
3.6

North Carolina
 
2,207

 
3.3

 
2,060

 
3.3

Other
 
30,145

 
45.1

 
28,714

 
45.4

Total auto
 
63,319

 
94.9

 
60,362

 
95.7

Retail banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
New York
 
1,152

 
1.7

 
793

 
1.3

Louisiana
 
714

 
1.1

 
708

 
1.1

Texas
 
637

 
1.0

 
595

 
1.0

Maryland
 
242

 
0.4

 
155

 
0.2

New Jersey
 
230

 
0.3

 
194

 
0.3

Virginia
 
196

 
0.3

 
125

 
0.2

Other
 
222

 
0.3

 
133

 
0.2

Total retail banking
 
3,393

 
5.1

 
2,703

 
4.3

Total consumer banking
 
$
66,712

 
100.0
%
 
$
63,065

 
100.0
%
We originate commercial loans in most regions of the United States. The table below presents the geographic profile of our commercial loan portfolio by segment as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 20: Commercial Banking Portfolio by Geographic Region
 
 
June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Commercial
and
Multifamily
Real Estate
 
% of
Total
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
 
% of
Total
 
Total
Commercial
Banking
 
% of
Total 
Geographic concentration:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northeast
 
$
17,566

 
56.7
%
 
$
8,478

 
18.2
%
 
$
26,044

 
33.6
%
Mid-Atlantic
 
3,328

 
10.8

 
6,412

 
13.8

 
9,740

 
12.6

South
 
3,786

 
12.2

 
16,413

 
35.3

 
20,199

 
26.0

Other
 
6,273

 
20.3

 
15,234

 
32.7

 
21,507

 
27.8

Total
 
$
30,953

 
100.0
%
 
$
46,537

 
100.0
%
 
$
77,490

 
100.0
%

 
 
42
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

 
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Commercial
and
Multifamily
Real Estate
 
% of
Total
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
 
% of
Total
 
Total
Commercial
Banking
 
% of
Total 
Geographic concentration:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northeast
 
$
17,139

 
56.7
%
 
$
7,899

 
17.8
%
 
$
25,038

 
33.6
%
Mid-Atlantic
 
3,024

 
10.0

 
5,927

 
13.4

 
8,951

 
12.0

South
 
4,087

 
13.5

 
16,403

 
37.1

 
20,490

 
27.5

Other
 
5,995

 
19.8

 
14,034

 
31.7

 
20,029

 
26.9

Total
 
$
30,245

 
100.0
%
 
$
44,263

 
100.0
%
 
$
74,508

 
100.0
%
__________
(1) 
Geographic concentration is generally determined by the location of the borrower’s business or the location of the collateral associated with the loan. Northeast consists of CT, MA, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA and VT. Mid-Atlantic consists of DC, DE, MD, VA and WV. South consists of AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MO, MS, NC, SC, TN and TX.
Commercial Loans by Industry
Table 21 summarizes our commercial loans held for investment portfolio by industry classification as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Industry classifications below are based on our interpretation of the North American Industry Classification System codes as they pertain to each individual loan.
Table 21: Commercial Loans by Industry
(Percentage of portfolio)
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
Real estate
 
39
%
 
39
%
Finance
 
15

 
16

Healthcare
 
11

 
12

Business services
 
6

 
6

Educational services
 
5

 
4

Oil and gas
 
4

 
5

Public administration
 
4

 
4

Retail trade
 
3

 
4

Construction and land
 
3

 
2

Other
 
10

 
8

Total
 
100
%
 
100
%
Credit Risk Measurement
We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to assess and manage our exposure to credit risk. Trends in delinquency rates are the key credit quality indicator for our credit card and retail banking loan portfolios as changes in delinquency rates can provide an early warning of changes in potential future credit losses. The key indicator we monitor when assessing the credit quality and risk of our auto loan portfolio is borrower credit scores as they provide insight into borrower risk profiles, which give indications of potential future credit losses. The key credit quality indicator for our commercial loan portfolios is our internal risk ratings as we generally classify loans that have been delinquent for an extended period of time and other loans with significant risk of loss as nonperforming. In addition to these credit quality indicators, we also manage and monitor other credit quality metrics such as level of nonperforming loans and net charge-off rates.
We underwrite most consumer loans using proprietary models, which typically include credit bureau data, such as borrower credit scores, application information and, where applicable, collateral and deal structure data. We continuously adjust our management of credit lines and collection strategies based on customer behavior and risk profile changes. We also use borrower credit scores for subprime classification, for competitive benchmarking and, in some cases, to drive product segmentation decisions. 

 
 
43
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Table 22 provides details on the credit scores of our domestic credit card and auto loan portfolios as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 22: Credit Score Distribution
(Percentage of portfolio)
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
Domestic credit card—Refreshed FICO scores:(1)
 
 
 
 
Greater than 660
 
67
%
 
67
%
660 or below
 
33

 
33

Total
 
100
%
 
100
%
Auto—At origination FICO scores:(2)
 
 
 
 
Greater than 660
 
46
%
 
48
%
621 - 660
 
20

 
20

620 or below
 
34

 
32

Total
 
100
%
 
100
%
__________
(1) 
Percentages represent period-end loans held for investment in each credit score category. Domestic card credit scores generally represent FICO scores. These scores are obtained from one of the major credit bureaus at origination and are refreshed monthly thereafter. We approximate non-FICO credit scores to comparable FICO scores for consistency purposes. Balances for which no credit score is available or the credit score is invalid are included in the 660 or below category.
(2) 
Percentages represent period-end loans held for investment in each credit score category. Auto credit scores generally represent average FICO scores obtained from three credit bureaus at the time of application and are not refreshed thereafter. Balances for which no credit score is available or the credit score is invalid are included in the 620 or below category.
We present information in the section below on the credit performance of our loan portfolio, including the key metrics we use in tracking changes in the credit quality of our loan portfolio. See “Note 3—Loans” for additional credit quality information and see “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for information on our accounting policies for delinquent and nonperforming loans, charge-offs and troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) for each of our loan categories.
Delinquency Rates
We consider the entire balance of an account to be delinquent if the minimum required payment is not received by the customer’s due date, measured at each balance sheet date. Our 30+ day delinquency metrics include all loans held for investment that are 30 or more days past due, whereas our 30+ day performing delinquency metrics include loans that are 30 or more days past due but are currently classified as performing and accruing interest. The 30+ day delinquency and 30+ day performing delinquency metrics are the same for domestic credit card loans, as we continue to classify these loans as performing until the account is charged off, typically when the account is 180 days past due. See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for information on our policies for classifying loans as nonperforming for each of our loan categories. We provide additional information on our credit quality metrics in “MD&A—Business Segment Financial Performance.” Amounts as of June 30, 2020, include the impacts of COVID-19 customer assistance programs where applicable.

 
 
44
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Table 23 presents our 30+ day performing delinquency rates and 30+ day delinquency rates of our portfolio of loans held for investment, by portfolio segment, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 23: 30+ Day Delinquencies
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
30+ Day Performing Delinquencies
 
30+ Day Delinquencies
 
30+ Day Performing Delinquencies
 
30+ Day Delinquencies
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amount
 
Rate(1)
 
Amount
 
Rate(1)
 
Amount
 
Rate(1)
 
Amount
 
Rate(1)
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic credit card
 
$
2,724

 
2.74
%
 
$
2,724

 
2.74
%
 
$
4,656

 
3.93
%
 
$
4,656

 
3.93
%
International card businesses
 
215

 
2.71

 
231

 
2.91

 
335

 
3.47

 
353

 
3.66

Total credit card
 
2,939

 
2.74

 
2,955

 
2.75

 
4,991

 
3.89

 
5,009

 
3.91

Consumer Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
2,079

 
3.28

 
2,276

 
3.59

 
4,154

 
6.88

 
4,584

 
7.59

Retail banking
 
30

 
0.89

 
47

 
1.39

 
28

 
1.02

 
43

 
1.59

Total consumer banking
 
2,109

 
3.16

 
2,323

 
3.48

 
4,182

 
6.63

 
4,627

 
7.34

Commercial Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
154

 
0.50

 
286

 
0.92

 
63

 
0.21

 
67

 
0.22

Commercial and industrial
 
65

 
0.14

 
226

 
0.49

 
101

 
0.23

 
244

 
0.55

Total commercial banking
 
219

 
0.28

 
512

 
0.66

 
164

 
0.22

 
311

 
0.42

Total
 
$
5,267

 
2.09

 
$
5,790

 
2.30

 
$
9,337

 
3.51

 
$
9,947

 
3.74

__________
(1) 
Delinquency rates are calculated by dividing delinquency amounts by period-end loans held for investment for each specified loan category.
Table 24 presents our 30+ day delinquent loans, by aging and geography, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 24: Aging and Geography of 30+ Day Delinquent Loans
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amount
 
Rate(1)
 
Amount
 
Rate(1)
Delinquency status:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30 – 59 days
 
$
2,532

 
1.01
%
 
$
4,444

 
1.67
%
60 – 89 days
 
1,342

 
0.53

 
2,537

 
0.95

> 90 days
 
1,916

 
0.76

 
2,966

 
1.12

Total
 
$
5,790

 
2.30
%
 
$
9,947

 
3.74
%
Geographic region:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
 
$
5,559

 
2.21
%
 
$
9,594

 
3.61
%
International
 
231

 
0.09

 
353

 
0.13

Total
 
$
5,790

 
2.30
%
 
$
9,947

 
3.74
%
__________
(1) 
Delinquency rates are calculated by dividing delinquency amounts by total period-end loans held for investment.

 
 
45
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Table 25 summarizes loans that were 90+ days delinquent as to interest or principal, and still accruing interest as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. These loans consist primarily of credit card accounts between 90 days and 179 days past due. As permitted by regulatory guidance issued by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, we continue to accrue interest and fees on domestic credit card loans through the date of charge off, which is typically in the period the account becomes 180 days past due.
Table 25: 90+ Day Delinquent Loans Accruing Interest
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amount
 
Rate(1)
 
Amount
 
Rate(1)
Loan category:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card
 
$
1,596

 
1.49
%
 
$
2,407

 
1.88
%
Commercial banking
 
14

 
0.02

 
—

 
—

Total
 
$
1,610

 
0.64

 
$
2,407

 
0.91

Geographic region:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
 
$
1,516

 
0.62
%
 
$
2,277

 
0.89
%
International
 
94

 
1.18

 
130

 
1.34

Total
 
$
1,610

 
0.64

 
$
2,407

 
0.91

__________
(1) 
Delinquency rates are calculated by dividing delinquency amounts by period-end loans held for investment for each specified loan category.
Nonperforming Loans and Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans, repossessed assets and other foreclosed assets. Nonperforming loans include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for information on our policies for classifying loans as nonperforming for each of our loan categories.
Table 26 presents our nonperforming loans, by portfolio segment, and other nonperforming assets as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We do not classify loans held for sale as nonperforming. We provide additional information on our credit quality metrics in “MD&A—Business Segment Financial Performance.”
Table 26: Nonperforming Loans and Other Nonperforming Assets(1)
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amount
 
Rate
 
Amount
 
Rate
Nonperforming loans held for investment:(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
International card businesses
 
$
23

 
0.29
%
 
$
25

 
0.26
%
Total credit card
 
23

 
0.02

 
25

 
0.02

Consumer Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
260

 
0.41

 
487

 
0.81

Retail banking
 
24

 
0.70

 
23

 
0.87

Total consumer banking
 
284

 
0.43

 
510

 
0.81

Commercial Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
167

 
0.54

 
38

 
0.12

Commercial and industrial
 
493

 
1.06

 
410

 
0.93

Total commercial banking
 
660

 
0.85

 
448

 
0.60

Total nonperforming loans held for investment(3)
 
$
967

 
0.38

 
$
983

 
0.37

Other nonperforming assets(4)
 
24

 
0.01

 
63

 
0.02

Total nonperforming assets
 
$
991

 
0.39

 
$
1,046

 
0.39

__________

 
 
46
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

(1) 
We recognized interest income for loans classified as nonperforming of $11 million and $12 million in the first six months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. Interest income foregone related to nonperforming loans was $35 million and $39 million in the first six months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. Foregone interest income represents the amount of interest income in excess of recognized interest income that would have been recorded during the period for nonperforming loans as of the end of the period had the loans performed according to their contractual terms.
(2) 
Nonperforming loan rates are calculated based on nonperforming loans for each category divided by period-end total loans held for investment for each respective category.
(3) 
Excluding the impact of domestic credit card loans, nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans held for investment was 0.64% and 0.67% as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(4) 
The denominators used in calculating nonperforming asset rates consist of total loans held for investment and other nonperforming assets.
Net Charge-Offs
Net charge-offs consist of the amortized cost basis, excluding accrued interest, of loans held for investment that we determine to be uncollectible, net of recovered amounts. We charge off loans as a reduction to the allowance for credit losses when we determine the loan is uncollectible and record subsequent recoveries of previously charged off amounts as increases to the allowance for credit losses. Uncollectible finance charges and fees are reversed through revenue and certain fraud losses are recorded in other non-interest expense. Generally, costs to recover charged-off loans are recorded as collection expenses as incurred and included in our consolidated statements of income as a component of other non-interest expense. Our charge-off policy for loans varies based on the loan type. See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for information on our charge-off policy for each of our loan categories.
Table 27 presents our net charge-off amounts and rates, by portfolio segment, in the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019.
Table 27: Net Charge-Offs
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amount
 
Rate(1)
 
Amount
 
Rate(1)
 
Amount
 
Rate(1)
 
Amount
 
Rate(1)
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic credit card
 
$
1,143

 
4.53
%
 
$
1,240

 
4.86
%
 
$
2,474

 
4.61
%
 
$
2,534

 
4.95
%
International card businesses
 
68

 
3.47

 
80

 
3.63

 
173

 
4.11

 
150

 
3.41

Total credit card
 
1,211

 
4.46

 
1,320

 
4.76

 
2,647

 
4.57

 
2,684

 
4.83

Consumer Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
179

 
1.16

 
155

 
1.09

 
409

 
1.33

 
358

 
1.26

Retail banking
 
13

 
1.78

 
17

 
2.42

 
29

 
2.05

 
35

 
2.49

Total consumer banking
 
192

 
1.19

 
172

 
1.15

 
438

 
1.36

 
393

 
1.32

Commercial Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
7

 
0.09

 
—

 
—

 
7

 
0.04

 
—

 
—

Commercial and industrial
 
95

 
0.78

 
16

 
0.15

 
204

 
0.87

 
30

 
0.14

Total commercial banking
 
102

 
0.51

 
16

 
0.09

 
211

 
0.54

 
30

 
0.08

Total net charge-offs
 
$
1,505

 
2.38

 
$
1,508

 
2.48

 
$
3,296

 
2.55

 
$
3,107

 
2.56

Average loans held for investment
 
$
253,358

 
 
 
$
242,653

 
 
 
$
258,124

 
 
 
$
242,307

 
 
__________
(1) 
Net charge-off rates are calculated by dividing annualized net charge-offs by average loans held for investment for the period for each loan category.
COVID-19 Customer Assistance Programs and Loan Modifications
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Banking Agencies supported banking organizations that are taking actions to assist customers in a prudent, safe and sound manner, including through loan modifications. As part of our response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we are offering programs to accommodate customer hardship across our lines of business.

 
 
47
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

•
Credit Card
For our domestic card customers excluding certain retail partnership portfolios, we are currently offering a one-month payment deferral program with an option to renew and fee waivers. Card loans enrolled in the deferral program continue to accrue interest. Their delinquency status is generally frozen at the time of enrollment and upon exiting the program, resumes to the status at the time of enrollment. Through June 30, 2020, excluding certain retail partnership portfolios, we have enrolled 2% of active accounts representing $3.0 billion of loans outstanding, and approximately 92% of these customers were current at the time of their first enrollment. As of June 30, 2020, approximately 0.2% of these customers, or $360 million of loans outstanding, have been approved to skip their upcoming payment and have not made that payment.
For our international card customers, we also offer short-term payment deferrals and fee waivers. Loans enrolled in the deferral program continue to accrue interest. As of June 30, 2020, $307 million of loans were enrolled in this program.
•
Consumer Banking
For our auto customers, we are currently offering short-term payment extensions with an option to renew and fee waivers. Auto loans enrolled in short-term payment extensions continue to accrue interest. The contractual term of the loan is extended by the length of the short-term payment extension and the delinquency status is updated to reflect the revised terms of the loan. For customers that were delinquent at the time of enrollment, their delinquency status is reduced commensurate with the length of the short-term payment extension. Through June 30, 2020, we have enrolled a total of 14.1% of accounts representing $10.2 billion of loans outstanding, and approximately 75% of these customers were current at the time of their first enrollment. As of June 30, 2020, approximately 1.2% of these customers, representing $893 million of loans outstanding, have been approved to skip their upcoming payment and have not made that payment.
For our retail banking customers, we are currently offering fee waivers and short-term payment deferrals. We also participated in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) for our small business banking customers. As of June 30, 2020, $272 million of loans were enrolled in the short-term payment deferral program and $931 million of loans were enrolled in the PPP.
•
Commercial Banking
For our commercial banking customers, our offerings are more customized, but generally include short-term payment deferrals. Performing loans enrolled in short-term payment deferrals continue to accrue interest, and principal and interest are due at maturity. Loans remain in their delinquency status as of their modification date through the deferment period. Internal risk ratings are assigned based on relevant information about the ability of the borrower to repay their debt. Similarly, we also participated in the PPP for our commercial clients. As of June 30, 2020, approximately $2.5 billion of loans were enrolled in the short-term payment deferral program and $231 million of loans were enrolled in the PPP.
Additional guidance issued by the Federal Banking Agencies and contained in the CARES Act provides banking organizations with TDR relief for modifications of current borrowers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed all loan modifications introduced to current borrowers in response to COVID-19 as of June 30, 2020, and followed guidance that such eligible loan modifications made on a temporary and good faith basis are not considered TDRs.

 
 
48
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Troubled Debt Restructurings
As part of our loss mitigation efforts, we may provide short-term (three to twelve months) or long-term (greater than twelve months) modifications to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty to improve long-term collectability of the loan and to avoid the need for repossession or foreclosure of collateral.
Table 28 presents our recorded investment of loans modified in TDRs as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which excludes loan modifications that do not meet the definition of a TDR and Purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) loans, which we track and report separately.
Table 28: Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amount
 
% of Total Modifications
 
Amount
 
% of Total Modifications
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 


 


Domestic credit card
 
$
585

 
31.8
%
 
$
630

 
38.1
%
International card businesses
 
185

 
10.0

 
201

 
12.2

Total credit card
 
770

 
41.8

 
831

 
50.3

Consumer banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
480

 
26.1

 
346

 
20.9

Retail banking
 
23

 
1.2

 
24

 
1.5

Total consumer banking
 
503

 
27.3

 
370

 
22.4

Commercial banking
 
568

 
30.9

 
451

 
27.3

Total
 
$
1,841

 
100.0
%
 
$
1,652

 
100.0
%
Status of TDRs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performing
 
$
1,552

 
84.3
%
 
$
1,347

 
81.5
%
Nonperforming
 
289

 
15.7

 
305

 
18.5

Total
 
$
1,841

 
100.0
%
 
$
1,652

 
100.0
%
In our Credit Card business, the majority of our credit card loans modified in TDRs involve reducing the interest rate on the account and placing the customer on a fixed payment plan not exceeding 60 months. The effective interest rate in effect immediately prior to the loan modification is used as the effective interest rate for purposes of measuring impairment using the present value of expected cash flows. If the customer does not comply with the modified payment terms, then the credit card loan agreement may revert to its original payment terms, generally resulting in any loan outstanding reflected in the appropriate delinquency category and charged off in accordance with our standard charge-off policy.
In our Consumer Banking business, the majority of our loans modified in TDRs receive an extension, an interest rate reduction or principal reduction, or a combination of these concessions. In addition, TDRs also occur in connection with bankruptcy of the borrower. In certain bankruptcy discharges, the loan is written down to the collateral value and the charged off amount is reported as principal reduction. Impairment is determined using the present value of expected cash flows or a collateral evaluation for certain auto loans where the collateral value is lower than the recorded investment.
In our Commercial Banking business, the majority of loans modified in TDRs receive an extension, with a portion of these loans receiving an interest rate reduction or a gross balance reduction. The impairment on modified commercial loans is generally determined based on the underlying collateral value.
We provide additional information on modified loans accounted for as TDRs, including the performance of those loans subsequent to modification, in “Note 3—Loans.”

 
 
49
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments
Our allowance for credit losses represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual terms of our loans held for investment as of each balance sheet date. Expected recoveries of amounts previously charged off or expected to be charged off are recognized within the allowance. We also estimate expected credit losses related to unfunded lending commitments that are not unconditionally cancellable. The provision for losses on unfunded lending commitments is included in the provision for credit losses in our consolidated statements of income and the related reserve for unfunded lending commitments is included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We provide additional information on the methodologies and key assumptions used in determining our allowance for credit losses in “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”
Table 29 presents changes in our allowance for credit losses and reserve for unfunded lending commitments for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019, and details by portfolio segment for the provision for credit losses, charge-offs and recoveries. The cumulative effects from adoption of the CECL standard and the change to include our finance charge and fee reserve in the allowance for credit losses are included in Table 29 and Table 30 below.

 
 
50
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Table 29: Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments Activity
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
Domestic Card
 
International Card Businesses
 
Total Credit Card
 
Auto
 
Retail Banking
 
Total Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Total
Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of March 31, 2020
 
$
9,806

 
$
540

 
$
10,346

 
$
2,058

 
$
96

 
$
2,154

 
$
1,573

 
$
14,073

Charge-offs
 
(1,493
)
 
(119
)
 
(1,612
)
 
(399
)
 
(17
)
 
(416
)
 
(103
)
 
(2,131
)
Recoveries(1)
 
350

 
51

 
401

 
220

 
4

 
224

 
1

 
626

Net charge-offs
 
(1,143
)
 
(68
)
 
(1,211
)
 
(179
)
 
(13
)
 
(192
)
 
(102
)
 
(1,505
)
Provision for credit losses
 
2,906

 
38

 
2,944

 
847

 
29

 
876

 
432

 
4,252

Allowance build (release) for credit losses
 
1,763

 
(30
)
 
1,733

 
668

 
16

 
684

 
330

 
2,747

Other changes(2)
 
—

 
12

 
12

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12

Balance as of June 30, 2020
 
11,569

 
522

 
12,091

 
2,726

 
112

 
2,838

 
1,903

 
16,832

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of March 31, 2020
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
223

 
223

Benefit for losses on unfunded lending commitments
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5
)
 
(5
)
Balance as of June 30, 2020
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
218

 
218

Combined allowance and reserve as of June 30, 2020
 
$
11,569

 
$
522

 
$
12,091

 
$
2,726

 
$
112

 
$
2,838

 
$
2,121

 
$
17,050

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
Domestic Card
 
International Card Businesses
 
Total Credit Card
 
Auto
 
Retail Banking
 
Total Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Total
Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2019
 
$
4,997

 
$
398

 
$
5,395

 
$
984

 
$
54

 
$
1,038

 
$
775

 
$
7,208

Cumulative effects from adoption of the CECL standard
 
2,237

 
4

 
2,241

 
477

 
25

 
502

 
102

 
2,845

Finance charge and fee reserve reclassification(3)
 
439

 
23

 
462

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
462

Balance as of January 1, 2020
 
7,673

 
425

 
8,098

 
1,461

 
79

 
1,540

 
877

 
10,515

Charge-offs
 
(3,208
)
 
(253
)
 
(3,461
)
 
(875
)
 
(37
)
 
(912
)
 
(215
)
 
(4,588
)
Recoveries(1)
 
734

 
80

 
814

 
466

 
8

 
474

 
4

 
1,292

Net charge-offs
 
(2,474
)
 
(173
)
 
(2,647
)
 
(409
)
 
(29
)
 
(438
)
 
(211
)
 
(3,296
)
Provision for credit losses
 
6,370

 
276

 
6,646

 
1,674

 
62

 
1,736

 
1,237

 
9,619

Allowance build for credit losses
 
3,896

 
103

 
3,999

 
1,265

 
33

 
1,298

 
1,026

 
6,323

Other changes(2)
 
—

 
(6
)
 
(6
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6
)
Balance as of June 30, 2020
 
11,569

 
522

 
12,091

 
2,726

 
112

 
2,838

 
1,903

 
16,832

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2019
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5

 
5

 
130

 
135

Cumulative effects from adoption of the CECL standard
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5
)
 
(5
)
 
42

 
37

Balance as of January 1, 2020
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
172

 
172

Provision for losses on unfunded lending commitments
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
46

 
46

Balance as of June 30, 2020
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
218

 
218

Combined allowance and reserve as of June 30, 2020
 
$
11,569

 
$
522

 
$
12,091

 
$
2,726

 
$
112

 
$
2,838

 
$
2,121

 
$
17,050


 
 
51
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
Domestic Card
 
International Card Businesses
 
Total Credit Card
 
Auto
 
Retail Banking
 
Total Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of March 31, 2019
 
$
5,141

 
$
427

 
$
5,568

 
$
1,002

 
$
60

 
$
1,062

 
$
683

 
$
7,313

Charge-offs
 
(1,580
)
 
(131
)
 
(1,711
)
 
(401
)
 
(22
)
 
(423
)
 
(23
)
 
(2,157
)
Recoveries(1)
 
340

 
51

 
391

 
246

 
5

 
251

 
7

 
649

Net charge-offs
 
(1,240
)
 
(80
)
 
(1,320
)
 
(155
)
 
(17
)
 
(172
)
 
(16
)
 
(1,508
)
Provision for loan and lease losses
 
1,024

 
71

 
1,095

 
150

 
15

 
165

 
69

 
1,329

Allowance build (release) for loan and lease losses
 
(216
)
 
(9
)
 
(225
)
 
(5
)
 
(2
)
 
(7
)
 
53

 
(179
)
Other changes(2)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
Balance as of June 30, 2019
 
4,925

 
417

 
5,342

 
997

 
58

 
1,055

 
736

 
7,133

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of March 31, 2019
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4

 
4

 
127

 
131

Provision for losses on unfunded lending commitments
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
13

 
13

Balance as of June 30, 2019
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4

 
4

 
140

 
144

Combined allowance and reserve as of June 30, 2019
 
$
4,925

 
$
417

 
$
5,342

 
$
997

 
$
62

 
$
1,059

 
$
876

 
$
7,277

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
Domestic Card
 
International Card Businesses
 
Total Credit Card
 
Auto
 
Retail Banking
 
Total Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2018
 
$
5,144

 
$
391

 
$
5,535

 
$
990

 
$
58

 
$
1,048

 
$
637

 
$
7,220

Charge-offs
 
(3,232
)
 
(261
)
 
(3,493
)
 
(850
)
 
(44
)
 
(894
)
 
(43
)
 
(4,430
)
Recoveries(1)
 
698

 
111

 
809

 
492

 
9

 
501

 
13

 
1,323

Net charge-offs
 
(2,534
)
 
(150
)
 
(2,684
)
 
(358
)
 
(35
)
 
(393
)
 
(30
)
 
(3,107
)
Provision for loan and lease losses
 
2,315

 
169

 
2,484

 
365

 
35

 
400

 
129

 
3,013

Allowance build (release) for loan and lease losses
 
(219
)
 
19

 
(200
)
 
7

 
—

 
7

 
99

 
(94
)
Other changes(2)
 
—

 
7

 
7

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7

Balance as of June 30, 2019
 
4,925

 
417

 
5,342

 
997

 
58

 
1,055

 
736

 
7,133

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2018
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4

 
4

 
118

 
122

Provision for losses on unfunded lending commitments
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
22

 
22

Balance as of June 30, 2019
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4

 
4

 
140

 
144

Combined allowance and reserve as of June 30, 2019
 
$
4,925

 
$
417

 
$
5,342

 
$
997

 
$
62

 
$
1,059

 
$
876

 
$
7,277

__________
(1) 
The amount and timing of recoveries is impacted by our collection strategies, which are based on customer behavior and risk profile and include direct customer communications, repossession of collateral, the periodic sale of charged off loans as well as additional strategies, such as litigation.
(2) 
Represents foreign currency translation adjustments.
(3) 
Concurrent with our adoption of the CECL standard in the first quarter of 2020, we reclassified our finance charge and fee reserve to our allowance for credit losses, with a corresponding increase to credit card loans held for investment.

 
 
52
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Allowance coverage ratios are calculated based on the allowance for credit losses for each specified portfolio segment divided by period-end loans held for investment within the specified loan category. Table 30 presents the allowance coverage ratios as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 30: Allowance Coverage Ratios
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Allowance for Credit Losses
 
Amount(1)
 
Allowance Coverage Ratio
 
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
 
Amount(1)
 
Allowance Coverage Ratio
Credit Card
 
$
12,091

 
$
2,955

 
409.20
%
 
$
5,395

 
$
5,009

 
107.70
%
Consumer Banking
 
2,838

 
2,323

 
122.15

 
1,038

 
4,627

 
22.42

Commercial Banking
 
1,903

 
660

 
288.41

 
775

 
448

 
173.20

Total
 
$
16,832

 
251,512

 
6.69

 
$
7,208

 
265,809

 
2.71

__________
(1) 
Represents period-end 30+ day delinquent loans for our credit card and consumer banking loan portfolios, nonperforming loans for our commercial banking loan portfolio and total loans held for investment for the total ratio.
Our allowance for credit losses increased by $9.6 billion to $16.8 billion, and our allowance coverage ratio increased by 398 basis points to 6.69% as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019, driven by the allowance build from expectations of economic worsening and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the adoption of the CECL standard.
LIQUIDITY RISK PROFILE
We have established liquidity practices that are intended to ensure that we have sufficient asset-based liquidity to cover our funding requirements and maintain adequate reserves to withstand the potential impact of deposit attrition or diminished liquidity in the funding markets. In addition to our cash position, we maintain reserves in the form of investment securities and certain loans that are either readily-marketable or pledgeable.
Table 31 below presents the composition of our liquidity reserves as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 31: Liquidity Reserves
(Dollars in millions)
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
55,818

 
$
13,407

Investment securities available for sale, at fair value
 
87,859

 
79,213

FHLB borrowing capacity secured by loans
 
11,425

 
10,835

Outstanding FHLB advances and letters of credit secured by loans
 
(159
)
 
(7,210
)
Investment securities encumbered for Public Funds and others
 
(5,797
)
 
(5,688
)
Total liquidity reserves
 
$
149,146

 
$
90,557

Our liquidity reserves increased by $58.6 billion to $149.1 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 primarily driven by an increase in our cash balances throughout the second quarter of 2020 from deposit growth. See “MD&A—Risk Management” in our 2019 Form 10-K for additional information on our management of liquidity risk.
Liquidity Coverage Ratio
We are subject to the Liquidity Coverage Ratio Rule (“LCR Rule”) as implemented by the Federal Reserve and OCC. The LCR Rule requires us to calculate our LCR daily. It also requires the Company to publicly disclose, on a quarterly basis, its LCR, certain related quantitative liquidity metrics, and a qualitative discussion of its LCR. Our average LCR during the second quarter of 2020 was 146%, which exceeded the LCR Rule requirement of 100%. The calculation and the underlying components are based on our interpretations, expectations and assumptions of relevant regulations, as well as interpretations provided by our regulators, and are subject to change based on changes to future regulations and interpretations. See “Part I—Item 1. Business—Supervision and Regulation” in our 2019 Form 10-K and “MD&A—Supervision and Regulation” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 for additional information.

 
 
53
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Borrowing Capacity
We maintain a shelf registration with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) so that we may periodically offer and sell an indeterminate aggregate amount of senior or subordinated debt securities, preferred stock, depositary shares, common stock, purchase contracts, warrants and units. There is no limit under this shelf registration to the amount or number of such securities that we may offer and sell, subject to market conditions. In addition, we also maintain a shelf registration that allows us to periodically offer and sell up to $25 billion of securitized debt obligations from our credit card loan securitization trust and a shelf registration that allows us to periodically offer and sell up to $20 billion from our auto loan securitization trusts.
In addition to our issuance capacity under the shelf registration statements, we also have access to FHLB advances and the Federal Reserve Discount Window. The ability to borrow utilizing these sources is based on membership status and the amount is dependent upon the Banks’ ability to post collateral. As of June 30, 2020, we pledged both loans and securities to FHLB to secure a maximum borrowing capacity of $17.9 billion, of which $17.7 billion was still available to us to borrow. Our FHLB membership is supported by our investment in FHLB stock of $30 million and $328 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which was determined in part based on our outstanding advances. As of June 30, 2020, we pledged loans to secure a borrowing capacity of $22.2 billion under the Federal Reserve Discount Window. Our membership with the Federal Reserve is supported by our investment in Federal Reserve stock, which totaled $1.3 billion as of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Funding
Our primary source of funding comes from deposits, as they are a stable and relatively low cost source of funding. In addition to deposits, we raise funding through the issuance of senior and subordinated notes, securitized debt obligations, federal funds purchased, securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, and FHLB advances secured by certain portions of our loan and securities portfolios. A key objective in our use of these markets is to maintain access to a diversified mix of wholesale funding sources. See “MD&A—Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis—Funding Sources Composition” for additional information on our primary sources of funding.

 
 
54
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Deposits
Table 32 provides a comparison of average balances, interest expense and average deposit interest rates for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019.
Table 32: Deposits Composition and Average Deposits Interest Rates
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Expense
 
Average
Deposits
Interest Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Expense
 
Average
Deposits
Interest Rate
Interest-bearing checking accounts(1)
 
$
36,105

 
$
28

 
0.31
%
 
$
34,780

 
$
77

 
0.89
%
Saving deposits(2)
 
180,103

 
372

 
0.83

 
154,524

 
526

 
1.37

Time deposits less than $100,000
 
28,607

 
138

 
1.94

 
26,214

 
182

 
2.78

Total interest-bearing core deposits
 
244,815

 
538

 
0.88

 
215,518

 
785

 
1.46

Time deposits of $100,000 or more
 
16,441

 
73

 
1.77

 
14,934

 
85

 
2.29

Total interest-bearing deposits
 
$
261,256

 
$
611

 
0.94

 
$
230,452

 
$
870

 
1.51

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Expense
 
Average
Deposits
Interest Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Expense
 
Average
Deposits
Interest Rate
Interest-bearing checking accounts(1)
 
$
35,234

 
$
81

 
0.46
%
 
$
34,759

 
$
148

 
0.86
%
Saving deposits(2)
 
171,082

 
798

 
0.94

 
154,029

 
1,025

 
1.34

Time deposits less than $100,000
 
27,908

 
295

 
2.13

 
26,249

 
358

 
2.75

Total interest-bearing core deposits
 
234,224

 
1,174

 
1.01

 
215,037

 
1,531

 
1.44

Time deposits of $100,000 or more
 
16,961

 
168

 
1.99

 
13,983

 
156

 
2.25

Total interest-bearing deposits
 
$
251,185

 
$
1,342

 
1.07

 
$
229,020

 
$
1,687

 
1.47

__________
(1) 
Includes negotiable order of withdrawal accounts.
(2) 
Includes money market deposit accounts.
The FDIC limits the acceptance of brokered deposits to well-capitalized insured depository institutions and, with a waiver from the FDIC, to adequately-capitalized institutions. COBNA and CONA were well-capitalized, as defined under the federal banking regulatory guidelines, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. See “Part I—Item 1. Business—Supervision and Regulation” in our 2019 Form 10-K for additional information. We provide additional information on the composition of deposits in “MD&A—Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis—Funding Sources Composition” and in “Note 7—Deposits and Borrowings.”
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt
We access the capital markets to meet our funding needs through the issuance of senior and subordinated notes, securitized debt obligations, and federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase. In addition, we may utilize short-term and long-term FHLB advances secured by certain of our investment securities, multifamily real estate loans, and commercial real estate loans.
Our short-term borrowings include those borrowings with an original contractual maturity of one year or less and do not include the current portion of long-term debt. The short-term borrowings, which consist of short-term FHLB advances and federal funds purchased, securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, decreased by $6.7 billion to $573 million as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 driven by repayments of our short-term FHLB advances.

 
 
55
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Our long-term debt, which primarily consists of securitized debt obligations and senior and subordinated notes, decreased by $4.1 billion to $44.3 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 primarily due to the repurchase of a portion of our senior unsecured debt and net maturities in our credit card securitization program. We provide more information on our securitization activity in “Note 5—Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations.”
The following table summarizes issuances of securitized debt obligations, senior and subordinated notes, and FHLB advances and their respective maturities or redemptions for the second quarter and first six months of 2020 and 2019.
Table 33: Long-Term Funding
 
 
Issuances
 
Maturities/Redemptions
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Securitized debt obligations
 
$
—

 
$
1,123

 
$
1,383

 
$
3,537

Senior and subordinated notes
 
2,000

 
1,411

 
5,592

 
750

FHLB advances
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

Total
 
$
2,000

 
$
2,534

 
$
6,975

 
$
4,288

 
 
Issuances
 
Maturities/Redemptions
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Securitized debt obligations
 
$
1,250

 
$
2,623

 
$
3,593

 
$
4,126

Senior and subordinated notes
 
4,000

 
2,661

 
7,092

 
2,500

FHLB advances
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
251

Total
 
$
5,250

 
$
5,284

 
$
10,685

 
$
6,877

Credit Ratings
Our credit ratings impact our ability to access capital markets and our borrowing costs. Rating agencies base their ratings on numerous factors, including liquidity, capital adequacy, asset quality, quality of earnings and the probability of systemic support. Significant changes in these factors could result in different ratings.
Table 34 provides a summary of the credit ratings for the senior unsecured long-term debt of Capital One Financial Corporation, COBNA and CONA as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 34: Senior Unsecured Long-Term Debt Credit Ratings
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Capital One
Financial
Corporation
 
COBNA
 
CONA
 
Capital One
Financial
Corporation
 
COBNA
 
CONA
Moody’s
 
Baa1
 
Baa1
 
Baa1
 
Baa1
 
Baa1
 
Baa1
S&P
 
BBB
 
BBB+
 
BBB+
 
BBB
 
BBB+
 
BBB+
Fitch
 
A-
 
A-
 
A-
 
A-
 
A-
 
A-
As of July 23, 2020, Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”), and Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) have us on a negative outlook.
MARKET RISK PROFILE
Market risk is the risk of economic loss in the value of our financial instruments due to changes in market factors. Our primary market risk exposures include interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk and commodity pricing risk. We are exposed to market risk primarily from the following operations and activities:
•
Traditional banking activities of deposit gathering and lending;

 
 
56
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

•
Asset/liability management activities including the management of investment securities, short-term and long-term borrowings and derivatives;
•
Foreign operations in the U.K. and Canada within our Credit Card business; and
•
Customer accommodation activities within our Commercial Banking business.
We have enterprise-wide risk management policies and limits, approved by our Board of Directors, which govern our market risk management activities. Our objective is to manage our exposure to market risk in accordance with these policies and limits based on prevailing market conditions and long-term expectations. We provide additional information below about our primary sources of market risk, our market risk management strategies and the measures that we use to evaluate these exposures.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk represents exposure to financial instruments whose values vary with the level or volatility of interest rates. We are exposed to interest rate risk primarily from the differences in the timing between the maturities or re-pricing of assets and liabilities. We manage our interest rate risk primarily by entering into interest rate swaps and other derivative instruments, including caps, floors, options, futures and forward contracts.
We use various industry standard market risk measurement techniques and analyses to measure, assess and manage the impact of changes in interest rates on our net interest income and our economic value of equity and changes in foreign exchange rates on our non-dollar-denominated funding and non-dollar equity investments in foreign operations.
Net Interest Income Sensitivity
Our net interest income sensitivity measure estimates the impact on our projected 12-month baseline interest rate-sensitive revenue resulting from movements in interest rates. Interest rate-sensitive revenue consists of net interest income and certain components of other non-interest income significantly impacted by movements in interest rates, including changes in the fair value of freestanding interest rate derivatives. In addition to our existing assets and liabilities, we incorporate expected future business growth assumptions, such as loan and deposit growth and pricing, and plans for projected changes in our funding mix in our baseline forecast. In measuring the sensitivity of interest rate movements on our projected interest rate-sensitive revenue, we assume a hypothetical instantaneous parallel shift in the level of interest rates detailed in Table 35 below. At the current level of interest rates, our interest rate sensitive revenue is expected to increase in higher rate scenarios and decrease modestly in lower rate scenarios. Our current sensitivity to upward shocks has increased relative to December 2019 mainly due to the decline in interest rates and the growth in deposits and cash that we experienced in the first half of 2020.
Economic Value of Equity
Our economic value of equity sensitivity measure estimates the impact on the net present value of our assets and liabilities, including derivative exposures, resulting from movements in interest rates. Our economic value of equity sensitivity measure is calculated based on our existing assets and liabilities, including derivatives, and does not incorporate business growth assumptions or projected balance sheet changes. Key assumptions used in the calculation include projecting rate sensitive prepayments for mortgage securities, loans and other assets, term structure modeling of interest rates, discount spreads, and deposit volume and pricing assumptions. In measuring the sensitivity of interest rate movements on our economic value of equity, we assume a hypothetical instantaneous parallel shift in the level of interest rates detailed in Table 35 below. Our current economic value of equity sensitivity profile demonstrates that our economic value of equity increases in higher rate scenarios and decreases in lower interest rate scenarios. Similar to the changes in net interest income sensitivity, our current economic value of equity sensitivity to upward shocks has also increased since December 2019 mainly due to the decline in interest rates and the growth in deposits and cash that we experienced in the first half of 2020.

 
 
57
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Table 35 shows the estimated percentage impact on our projected baseline net interest income and economic value of equity calculated under the methodology described above as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. In instances where a declining interest rate scenario would result in a rate less than 0%, we assume a rate of 0% for that scenario.
Table 35: Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
Estimated impact on projected baseline net interest income:
 
 
 
 
+200 basis points
 
7.6
 %
 
1.8
 %
+100 basis points
 
5.3

 
1.3

+50 basis points
 
2.7

 
1.1

–50 basis points
 
(1.4
)
 
(0.5
)
Estimated impact on economic value of equity:
 
 
 
 
+200 basis points
 
12.1

 
(3.6
)
+100 basis points
 
10.5

 
0.5

+50 basis points
 
6.5

 
0.8

–50 basis points
 
(10.5
)
 
(2.4
)
In addition to these industry standard measures, we also consider the potential impact of alternative interest rate scenarios, such as stressed rate shocks as well as steepening and flattening yield curve scenarios in our internal interest rate risk management decisions.
Limitations of Market Risk Measures
The interest rate risk models that we use in deriving these measures incorporate contractual information, internally-developed assumptions and proprietary modeling methodologies, which project borrower and depositor behavior patterns in certain interest rate environments. Other market inputs, such as interest rates, market prices and interest rate volatility, are also critical components of our interest rate risk measures. We regularly evaluate, update and enhance these assumptions, models and analytical tools as we believe appropriate to reflect our best assessment of the market environment and the expected behavior patterns of our existing assets and liabilities.
There are inherent limitations in any methodology used to estimate the exposure to changes in market interest rates. The sensitivity analysis described above contemplates only certain movements in interest rates and is performed at a particular point in time based on the existing balance sheet and, in some cases, expected future business growth and funding mix assumptions. The strategic actions that management may take to manage our balance sheet may differ significantly from our projections, which could cause our actual earnings and economic value of equity sensitivities to differ substantially from the above sensitivity analysis.
For further information on our interest rate exposures, see “Note 8—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.”
Foreign Exchange Risk
Foreign exchange risk represents exposure to changes in the values of current holdings and future cash flows denominated in other currencies. We are exposed to foreign exchange risk primarily from the intercompany funding denominated in the pound sterling (“GBP”) and the Canadian dollar (“CAD”) that we provide to our businesses in the U.K. and Canada and net equity investments in those businesses. We are also exposed to foreign exchange risk due to changes in the dollar-denominated value of future earnings and cash flows from our foreign operations and from our Euro (“EUR”)-denominated borrowings.
Our non-dollar denominated intercompany funding and EUR-denominated borrowings expose our earnings to foreign exchange transaction risk. We manage these transaction risks by using forward foreign currency derivatives and cross-currency swaps to hedge our exposures. We measure our foreign exchange transaction risk exposures by applying a 1% U.S. dollar appreciation shock against the value of the non-dollar denominated intercompany funding and EUR-denominated borrowings and their related hedges, which shows the impact to our earnings from foreign exchange risk. Our intercompany funding outstanding was 516 million GBP and 761 million GBP as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and 5.4 billion CAD and 6.6 billion CAD as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Our EUR-denominated borrowings outstanding were 1.3 billion EUR and 1.2 billion EUR as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

 
 
58
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Our non-dollar equity investments in foreign operations expose our balance sheet to translation risk in AOCI and our capital ratios. We manage our AOCI exposure by entering into foreign currency derivatives designated as net investment hedges. We measure these exposures by applying a 30% U.S. dollar appreciation shock, which we believe approximates a significant adverse shock over a one-year time horizon, against the value of the equity invested in our foreign operations net of related net investment hedges where applicable. Our gross equity exposures in our U.K. and Canadian operations were 1.6 billion GBP as of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and 1.4 billion CAD as of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
As a result of our derivative management activities, we believe our net exposure to foreign exchange risk is minimal.
Risk related to Customer Accommodation Derivatives
We offer interest rate, commodity and foreign currency derivatives as an accommodation to our customers within our Commercial Banking business. We offset the majority of the market risk of these customer accommodation derivatives by entering into offsetting derivatives transactions with other counterparties. We use value-at-risk (“VaR”) as the primary method to measure the market risk in our customer accommodation derivative activities on a daily basis. VaR is a statistical risk measure used to estimate the potential loss from movements observed in the recent market environment. We employ an historical simulation approach using the most recent 500 business days and use a 99 percent confidence level and a holding period of one business day. As a result of offsetting our customer exposures with other counterparties, we believe that our net exposure to market risk in our customer accommodation derivatives is minimal. For further information on our risk related to customer accommodation derivatives, see “Note 8—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.”
London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) Transition
On July 27, 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, the regulator for the administration of LIBOR, announced that LIBOR would be transitioned as an interest rate benchmark and that it will no longer compel banks to contribute LIBOR data beyond December 31, 2021. In the U.S., the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York established the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”), a group of private market participants and ex-officio members representing banking and financial sector regulators. The ARRC has recommended the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as the preferred alternative rate for certain U.S. dollar derivative and cash instruments. While the ARRC has recommended SOFR as the replacement rate for LIBOR, there is acknowledgment that the development of a credit-sensitive element could be a complement to SOFR. It is unclear as to the likelihood and timing, but such a development would have impacts to our transition efforts.
We have exposures to LIBOR, including loans, derivative contracts, unsecured debt, securitizations, vendor agreements and other instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly dependent on LIBOR. To facilitate an orderly transition from LIBOR, we have established a company-wide, cross-functional initiative to oversee and manage our transition away from LIBOR and other Interbank Offered Rates (“IBORs”) to alternative reference rates. We have made progress on our transition efforts as we:
•
implemented a robust governance framework and transition planning;
•
completed initial assessment of exposures in products, legal contracts, systems, models and processes;
•
included LIBOR transition language (“fallback language”) for new legal contracts/agreements; and
•
started issuing securities with SOFR-based features in 2020.
We also continue to focus our transition efforts on:
•
reviewing existing legal contracts/agreements and assessing fallback language impacts;
•
monitoring of our LIBOR exposure;
•
assessing internal operational readiness and risk management;
•
implementing necessary updates to our infrastructure including systems, models, valuation tools and processes;
•
engaging with our clients, industry working groups, and regulators; and
•
monitoring developments associated with LIBOR alternatives and industry practices related to LIBOR-indexed instruments.

 
 
59
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

For a further discussion of the various risks we face in connection with the expected replacement of LIBOR on our operations, see “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors—Uncertainty regarding, and transition away from, LIBOR may adversely affect our business” in our 2019 Form 10-K.
SUPERVISION AND REGULATION
Dividends and Stock Repurchases Update
On June 25, 2020, the Federal Reserve released the stress testing results for the 2020 CCAR cycle, including additional sensitivity analyses conducted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Federal Reserve has required all participating banks, including us, to update and resubmit their capital plans later this year. Pursuant to the Federal Reserve’s capital plan rule, a participating bank, such as us, is prohibited from making capital distributions without the prior approval of the Federal Reserve following an event requiring the resubmission of its capital plan. See “MD&A—Capital Management—Capital Planning and Regulatory Stress Testing” for more information.
Supplementary Leverage Ratio
In April 2020, as part of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve issued an interim final rule that temporarily excludes U.S. Treasury securities and deposits at Federal Reserve Banks from the calculation of the supplementary leverage ratio (“SLR”) for bank holding companies. These exclusions became effective on April 1, 2020, and will remain in effect through March 31, 2021. The SLR for the Company as of June 30, 2020 reflects these exclusions.
Subsequently, in May 2020, the Federal Banking Agencies issued an interim final rule that provides an option for depository institutions to make similar exclusions to the calculation of the SLR. If a depository institution elects to make such exclusions, it must request prior approval from its primary federal banking regulator before making capital distributions, such as paying dividends to its parent company, for as long as the exclusions are in effect. Neither CONA nor COBNA elected to make such exclusions. Accordingly, the SLRs for CONA and COBNA presented in this Report do not reflect any such exclusions.
Derivatives Activities
Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act establishes a regulatory framework for the governance of the over-the-counter derivatives market, including swaps and security-based swaps and the registration of certain market participants as a swap dealer (an “SD”). CONA plans to register with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) as an SD in the third quarter of this year. Registration as an SD subjects CONA to an enhanced and heightened regulatory regime with respect to its swaps and other derivatives activities. CONA will be subject to the OCC rules concerning capital and margin requirements for SDs, including the mandatory exchange of variation margin and initial margin with certain counterparties. Additionally, as a provisionally registered SD, CONA will be subject to the CFTC’s rules regarding business conduct standards, recordkeeping obligations, regulatory reporting and procedures relating to swaps trading. CONA’s swaps and other derivatives activities will not require it to register with the SEC as a security-based swap dealer.
We provided additional information on our Supervision and Regulation in our 2019 Form 10-K under “Part I—Item 1. Business—Supervision and Regulation” and in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 under “MD&A—Supervision and Regulation.”
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
From time to time, we have made and will make forward-looking statements, including those that discuss, among other things, strategies, goals, outlook or other non-historical matters; projections, revenues, income, returns, expenses, capital measures, capital allocation plans, accruals for claims in litigation and for other claims against us; earnings per share, efficiency ratio, operating efficiency ratio, or other financial measures for us; future financial and operating results; our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions; and the assumptions that underlie these matters.
To the extent that any such information is forward-looking, it is intended to fit within the safe harbor for forward-looking information provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

 
 
60
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Numerous factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those described in such forward-looking statements, including, among other things:
•
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures on our business, financial condition and results of operations;
•
general economic and business conditions in the U.S., the U.K., Canada or our local markets, including conditions affecting employment levels, interest rates, tariffs, collateral values, consumer income, credit worthiness and confidence, spending and savings that may affect consumer bankruptcies, defaults, charge-offs and deposit activity;
•
an increase or decrease in credit losses, including increases due to a worsening of general economic conditions in the credit environment, and the impact of inaccurate estimates or inadequate reserves;
•
compliance with financial, legal, regulatory, tax or accounting changes or actions, including the impacts of the Tax Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, and other regulations governing bank capital and liquidity standards;
•
our ability to manage effectively our capital and liquidity;
•
developments, changes or actions relating to any litigation, governmental investigation or regulatory enforcement action or matter involving us, including those relating to U.K. PPI;
•
the inability to sustain revenue and earnings growth;
•
increases or decreases in interest rates and uncertainty with respect to the interest rate environment;
•
uncertainty regarding, and transition away from, the London Interbank Offered Rate;
•
our ability to access the capital markets at attractive rates and terms to capitalize and fund our operations and future growth;
•
increases or decreases in our aggregate loan balances or the number of customers and the growth rate and composition thereof, including increases or decreases resulting from factors such as shifting product mix, amount of actual marketing expenses we incur and attrition of loan balances;
•
the amount and rate of deposit growth;
•
changes in deposit costs;
•
our ability to execute on our strategic and operational plans;
•
restructuring activities or other charges;
•
our response to competitive pressures;
•
changes in retail distribution strategies and channels, including the emergence of new technologies and product delivery systems;
•
our success in integrating acquired businesses and loan portfolios, and our ability to realize anticipated benefits from announced transactions and strategic partnerships;
•
the success of our marketing efforts in attracting and retaining customers;
•
changes in the reputation of, or expectations regarding, the financial services industry or us with respect to practices, products or financial condition;
•
any significant disruption in our operations or in the technology platforms on which we rely, including cybersecurity, business continuity and related operational risks, as well as other security failures or breaches of our systems or those of our customers, partners, service providers or other third parties;
•
the potential impact to our business, operations and reputation from, and expenses and uncertainties associated with, the Cybersecurity Incident we announced on July 29, 2019 and associated legal proceedings and other inquiries or

 
 
61
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

investigations, as discussed in “MD&A—Introduction—Cybersecurity Incident” and “Note 13—Commitments, Contingencies, Guarantees and Others”;
•
our ability to maintain a compliance and technology infrastructure suitable for the nature of our business;
•
our ability to develop and adapt to rapid changes in digital technology to address the needs of our customers and comply with applicable regulatory standards, including compliance with data protection and privacy standards;
•
the effectiveness of our risk management strategies;
•
our ability to control costs, including the amount of, and rate of growth in, our expenses as our business develops or changes or as it expands into new market areas;
•
the extensive use, reliability and accuracy of the models and data we rely on;
•
our ability to recruit and retain talented and experienced personnel;
•
the impact from, and our ability to respond to, natural disasters and other catastrophic events;
•
changes in the labor and employment markets;
•
fraud or misconduct by our customers, employees, business partners or third parties;
•
merchants’ increasing focus on the fees charged by credit card networks; and
•
other risk factors identified from time to time in our public disclosures, including in the reports that we file with the SEC.
We expect that the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will heighten the risks associated with many of these factors.
Forward-looking statements often use words such as “will,” “anticipate,” “target,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “believe,” “forecast,” “outlook” or other words of similar meaning. Any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf speak only as of the date they are made or as of the date indicated, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. For additional information on factors that could materially influence forward-looking statements included in this Report, see the risk factors set forth under “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2019 Form 10-K and “Part II—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020. You should carefully consider the factors discussed above, and in our Risk Factors or other disclosure, in evaluating these forward-looking statements.

 
 
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Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures
The following non-GAAP measures consist of TCE, tangible assets and metrics computed using these amounts, which include tangible book value per common share, return on average tangible assets, return on average TCE and TCE ratio. We consider these metrics to be key financial performance measures that management uses in assessing capital adequacy and the level of returns generated. While these non-GAAP measures are widely used by investors, analysts and bank regulatory agencies to assess the capital position of financial services companies, they may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures reported by other companies. The following table presents reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the applicable amounts measured in accordance with GAAP.
Table A—Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Tangible Common Equity (Period-End):
 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
 
$
56,045

 
$
58,011

Goodwill and intangible assets(1)
 
(14,869
)
 
(14,932
)
Noncumulative perpetual preferred stock
 
(5,209
)
 
(4,853
)
Tangible common equity
 
$
35,967

 
$
38,226

Tangible Common Equity (Quarterly Average):
 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
 
$
57,623

 
$
58,148

Goodwill and intangible assets(1)
 
(14,880
)
 
(14,967
)
Noncumulative perpetual preferred stock
 
(5,209
)
 
(5,506
)
Tangible common equity
 
$
37,534

 
$
37,675

Tangible Assets (Period-End):
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
421,296

 
$
390,365

Goodwill and intangible assets(1)
 
(14,869
)
 
(14,932
)
Tangible assets
 
$
406,427

 
$
375,433

Tangible Assets (Quarterly Average):
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
411,075

 
$
383,162

Goodwill and intangible assets(1)
 
(14,880
)
 
(14,967
)
Tangible assets
 
$
396,195

 
$
368,195

Non-GAAP Ratio:
 
 
 
 
Tangible common equity(2)
 
8.8
%
 
10.2
%
__________
(1) 
Includes impact of related deferred taxes.
(2) 
Tangible common equity (“TCE”) ratio is a non-GAAP measure calculated based on TCE divided by tangible assets.

 
 
63
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Glossary and Acronyms
2019 Stock Repurchase Program: On June 27, 2019, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $2.2 billion of shares of our common stock from the third quarter of 2019 through the end of the second quarter of 2020.
Annual Report: References to our “2019 Form 10-K” or “2019 Annual Report” are to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
Banks: Refers to COBNA and CONA.
Basel Committee: The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
Basel III Advanced Approaches: The Basel III Advanced Approaches is mandatory for those institutions with consolidated total assets of $250 billion or more or consolidated total on-balance sheet foreign exposure of $10 billion or more. The Basel III Capital Rule modified the Advanced Approaches version of Basel II to create the Basel III Advanced Approaches.
Basel III Capital Rule: The Federal Banking Agencies issued a rule in July 2013 implementing the Basel III capital framework developed by the Basel Committee as well as certain Dodd-Frank Act and other capital provisions.
Basel III Standardized Approach: The Basel III Capital Rule modified Basel I to create the Basel III Standardized Approach, which requires for Basel III Advanced Approaches banking organizations that have yet to exit parallel run to use the Basel III Standardized Approach to calculate regulatory capital, including capital ratios, subject to transition provisions.
Capital One or the Company: Capital One Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”): This was signed into law on March 27, 2020, and among other provisions, authorizes a number of lending programs to support the flow of credit to consumers and businesses.
Carrying value (with respect to loans): The amount at which a loan is recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. For loans recorded at amortized cost, carrying value is the unpaid principal balance net of unamortized deferred loan origination fees and costs, and unamortized purchase premium or discount. For loans that are or have been on nonaccrual status, the carrying value is also reduced by any net charge-offs that have been recorded and the amount of interest payments applied as a reduction of principal under the cost recovery method. For credit card loans, the carrying value also includes interest that has been billed to the customer, net of any related reserves. Loans held for sale are recorded at either fair value (if we elect the fair value option) or at the lower of cost or fair value.
CECL: In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU requires an impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model) that is based on expected rather than incurred losses, with an anticipated result of more timely loss recognition. This guidance was effective for us on January 1, 2020.
COBNA: Capital One Bank (USA), National Association, one of our fully owned subsidiaries, which offers credit and debit card products, other lending products and deposit products.
Common equity Tier 1 capital: Calculated as the sum of common equity, related surplus and retained earnings, and accumulated other comprehensive income net of applicable phase-ins, less goodwill and intangibles net of associated deferred tax liabilities and applicable phase-ins, less other deductions, as defined by regulators.
CONA: Capital One, National Association, one of our fully owned subsidiaries, which offers a broad spectrum of banking products and financial services to consumers, small businesses and commercial clients.
Credit risk: The risk of loss from an obligor’s failure to meet the terms of any contract or otherwise fail to perform as agreed.
Cybersecurity Incident: The unauthorized access by an outside individual who obtained certain types of personal information relating to people who had applied for our credit card products and to our credit card customers that we announced on July 29, 2019.
Derivative: A contract or agreement whose value is derived from changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, prices of securities or commodities, credit worthiness for credit default swaps or financial or commodity indices.
Discontinued operations: The operating results of a component of an entity, as defined by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205, that are removed from continuing operations when that component has been disposed of or it is management’s intention to sell the component.

 
 
64
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”): Regulatory reform legislation signed into law on July 21, 2010. This law broadly affects the financial services industry and contains numerous provisions aimed at strengthening the sound operation of the financial services sector.
Exchange Act: The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”): A language for the electronic communication of business and financial data.
Federal Banking Agencies: The Federal Reserve, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Federal Reserve: The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
FICO score: A measure of consumer credit risk provided by credit bureaus, typically produced from statistical modeling software created by FICO (formerly known as “Fair Isaac Corporation”) utilizing data collected by the credit bureaus.
Foreign currency derivative contracts: An agreement to exchange contractual amounts of one currency for another currency at one or more future dates.
Foreign exchange contracts: Contracts that provide for the future receipt or delivery of foreign currency at previously agreed-upon terms.
GSE or Agency: A government-sponsored enterprise or agency is a financial services corporation created by the United States Congress. Examples of U.S. government agencies include Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLB”).
Interest rate sensitivity: The exposure to interest rate movements.
Interest rate swaps: Contracts in which a series of interest rate flows in a single currency are exchanged over a prescribed period. Interest rate swaps are the most common type of derivative contract that we use in our asset/liability management activities.
Investment grade: Represents Moody’s long-term rating of Baa3 or better; and/or a Standard & Poor’s or DBRS long-term rating of BBB- or better; or if unrated, an equivalent rating using our internal risk ratings. Instruments that fall below these levels are considered to be non-investment grade.
Investor entities: Entities that invest in community development entities (“CDE”) that provide debt financing to businesses and non-profit entities in low-income and rural communities.
LCR Rule: In September 2014, the Federal Banking Agencies issued final rules implementing the Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio in the United States. The LCR is calculated by dividing the amount of an institution’s high quality, unencumbered liquid assets by its estimated net cash outflow, as defined and calculated in accordance with the LCR Rule.
Leverage ratio: Tier 1 capital divided by average assets after certain adjustments, as defined by the regulators.
Liquidity risk: The risk that the Company will not be able to meet its future financial obligations as they come due, or invest in future asset growth because of an inability to obtain funds at a reasonable price within a reasonable time period.
Loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio: The relationship, expressed as a percentage, between the principal amount of a loan and the appraised value of the collateral securing the loan.
Managed presentation: A non-GAAP presentation of financial results that includes reclassifications to present revenue on a fully taxable-equivalent basis. Management uses this non-GAAP financial measure at the segment level, because it believes this provides information to enable investors to understand the underlying operational performance and trends of the particular business segment and facilitates a comparison of the business segment with the performance of competitors.
Market risk: The risk that an institution’s earnings or the economic value of equity could be adversely impacted by changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates or other market factors.
Master netting arrangements: An agreement between two counterparties that have multiple contracts with each other that provides for the net settlement of all contracts through a single payment in the event of default or termination of any one contract.
Mortgage-backed security (“MBS”): An asset-backed security whose cash flows are backed by the principal and interest payments of a set of mortgage loans.

 
 
65
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”): The right to service a mortgage loan when the underlying loan is sold or securitized. Servicing includes collections for principal, interest and escrow payments from borrowers and accounting for and remitting principal and interest payments to investors.
Net charge-off rate: Represents (annualized) net charge-offs divided by average loans held for investment for the period.
Net interest margin: Represents (annualized) net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets for the period.
Nonperforming loans: Generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. We also do not report loans classified as held for sale as nonperforming.
Option-ARM loans: The option-ARM real estate loan product is an adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) loan that initially provides the borrower with the monthly option to make a fully-amortizing, interest-only or minimum fixed payment. After the initial payment option period, usually five years, the recalculated minimum payment represents a fully-amortizing principal and interest payment that would effectively repay the loan by the end of its contractual term.
Public Funds deposits: Deposits that are derived from a variety of political subdivisions such as school districts and municipalities.
Purchase volume: Consists of purchase transactions, net of returns, for the period, and excludes cash advance and balance transfer transactions.
Rating agency: An independent agency that assesses the credit quality and likelihood of default of an issue or issuer and assigns a rating to that issue or issuer.
Recorded investment: The amount of the investment in a loan which includes any direct write-down of the investment.
Repurchase agreement: An instrument used to raise short-term funds whereby securities are sold with an agreement for the seller to buy back the securities at a later date.
Restructuring charges: Charges associated with the realignment of resources supporting various businesses, primarily consisting of severance and related benefits pursuant to our ongoing benefit programs and impairment of certain assets related to business locations and activities being exited.
Risk-weighted assets: On- and off-balance sheet assets that are assigned to one of several broad risk categories and weighted by factors representing their risk and potential for default.
Securitized debt obligations: A type of asset-backed security and structured credit product constructed from a portfolio of fixed-income assets.
Subprime: For purposes of lending in our Credit Card business, we generally consider FICO scores of 660 or below, or other equivalent risk scores, to be subprime. For purposes of auto lending in our Consumer Banking business, we generally consider FICO scores of 620 or below to be subprime.
Tailoring Rules: In October 2019, the Federal Banking Agencies released final rules that provide for tailored application of certain capital, liquidity and stress-testing requirements across different categories of banking institutions. As a bank holding company with total consolidated assets of at least $250 billion that does not exceed any of the applicable risk-based thresholds, we are a Category III institution under the Tailoring Rules.
Tangible common equity: A non-GAAP financial measure. Common equity less goodwill and intangible assets adjusted for deferred tax liabilities associated with non-tax deductible intangible assets and tax deductible goodwill.
Tax Act: The Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018 enacted on December 22, 2017.
Troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”): A TDR is deemed to occur when the contractual terms of a loan agreement are modified by granting a concession to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty.
Unfunded commitments: Legally binding agreements to provide a defined level of financing until a specified future date.
U.K. PPI Reserve: U.K. payment protection insurance customer refund reserve.
U.S. GAAP: Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Accounting rules and conventions defining acceptable practices in preparing financial statements in the U.S.


 
 
66
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Variable interest entity (“VIE”): An entity that (i) lacks enough equity investment at risk to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional financial support from other parties; (ii) has equity owners that lack the right to make significant decisions affecting the entity’s operations; and/or (iii) has equity owners that do not have an obligation to absorb or the right to receive the entity’s losses or return.
Walmart acquisition: On October 11, 2019, we completed the acquisition of the existing portfolio of Walmart’s cobrand and private label credit card receivables.

 
 
67
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Acronyms
AML: Anti-money laundering
AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income
ARM: Adjustable rate mortgage
ARRC: Alternative Reference Rates Committee
ASU: Accounting Standards Update
ASC: Accounting Standards Codification
BHC: Bank holding company
bps: Basis points
CAD: Canadian dollar
CCAR: Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
CCP: Central Counterparty Clearinghouse, or Central Clearinghouse
CDE: Community development entities
CECL: Current expected credit loss
CFTC: Commodity Futures Trading Commission
CMBS: Commercial mortgage-backed securities
CME: Chicago Mercantile Exchange
COEP: Capital One (Europe) plc
COF: Capital One Financial Corporation
CVA: Credit valuation adjustment
DVA: Debit valuation adjustment
EUR: Euro
Fannie Mae: Federal National Mortgage Association
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board
FCA: U.K. Financial Conduct Authority
FCM: Futures commission merchant
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FFIEC: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
FHLB: Federal Home Loan Banks
FinCEN: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
Fitch: Fitch Ratings
FOS: Financial Ombudsman Service
Freddie Mac: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
GAAP: Generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S.
GBP: Great British pound
Ginnie Mae: Government National Mortgage Association
GSE or Agency: Government-sponsored enterprise
IBOR: Interbank Offered Rate
IRM: Independent Risk Management
LCH: LCH Group
LCR: Liquidity coverage ratio
LIBOR: London Interbank Offered Rate
MDL: Multi-district litigation

 
 
68
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Moody’s: Moody’s Investors Service
MSRs: Mortgage servicing rights
OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OTC: Over-the-counter
PCA: Prompt corrective action
PCD: Purchased credit-deteriorated
PCI: Purchased credit-impaired
PCCR: Purchased credit card relationship
PPI: Payment protection insurance
PPP: Paycheck Protection Program
RMBS: Residential mortgage-backed securities
RSU: Restricted stock unit
S&P: Standard & Poor’s
SD: Swap dealer
SEC: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
SLR: Supplementary leverage ratio
SOFR: Secured Overnight Financing Rate
TCE: Tangible common equity
TDR: Troubled debt restructuring
U.K.: United Kingdom
U.S.: United States of America


 
 
69
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

 
Page

 
 
70
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)


 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share-related data)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans, including loans held for sale
 
$
5,820

 
$
6,383

 
$
12,362

 
$
12,751

Investment securities
 
482

 
629

 
1,012

 
1,284

Other
 
16

 
64

 
53

 
133

Total interest income
 
6,318

 
7,076

 
13,427

 
14,168

Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
611

 
870

 
1,342

 
1,687

Securitized debt obligations
 
56

 
139

 
155

 
282

Senior and subordinated notes
 
180

 
310

 
419

 
624

Other borrowings
 
11

 
11

 
26

 
38

Total interest expense
 
858

 
1,330

 
1,942

 
2,631

Net interest income
 
5,460

 
5,746

 
11,485

 
11,537

Provision for credit losses
 
4,246

 
1,342

 
9,669

 
3,035

Net interest income after provision for credit losses
 
1,214

 
4,404

 
1,816

 
8,502

Non-interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interchange fees, net
 
672

 
820

 
1,424

 
1,578

Service charges and other customer-related fees
 
258

 
352

 
585

 
705

Net securities gains
 
0

 
15

 
0

 
39

Other
 
166

 
191

 
311

 
348

Total non-interest income
 
1,096

 
1,378

 
2,320

 
2,670

Non-interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and associate benefits
 
1,704

 
1,558

 
3,331

 
3,131

Occupancy and equipment
 
523

 
521

 
1,040

 
1,014

Marketing
 
273

 
546

 
764

 
1,063

Professional services
 
304

 
314

 
591

 
605

Communications and data processing
 
308

 
329

 
610

 
632

Amortization of intangibles
 
16

 
29

 
38

 
59

Other
 
642

 
482

 
1,125

 
946

Total non-interest expense
 
3,770

 
3,779

 
7,499

 
7,450

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
 
(1,460
)
 
2,003

 
(3,363
)
 
3,722

Income tax provision (benefit)
 
(543
)
 
387

 
(1,106
)
 
696

Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
 
(917
)
 
1,616

 
(2,257
)
 
3,026

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
(1
)
 
9

 
(1
)
 
11

Net income (loss)
 
(918
)
 
1,625

 
(2,258
)
 
3,037

Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
 
(1
)
 
(12
)
 
(4
)
 
(24
)
Preferred stock dividends
 
(90
)
 
(80
)
 
(145
)
 
(132
)
Issuance cost for redeemed preferred stock
 
0

 
0

 
(22
)
 
0

Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
 
$
(1,009
)
 
$
1,533

 
$
(2,429
)
 
$
2,881

Basic earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
(2.21
)
 
$
3.24

 
$
(5.31
)
 
$
6.11

Income from discontinued operations
 
0.00

 
0.02

 
0.00

 
0.02

Net income (loss) per basic common share
 
$
(2.21
)
 
$
3.26

 
$
(5.31
)
 
$
6.13

Diluted earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
(2.21
)
 
$
3.22

 
$
(5.31
)
 
$
6.08

Income from discontinued operations
 
0.00

 
0.02

 
0.00

 
0.02

Net income (loss) per diluted common share
 
$
(2.21
)
 
$
3.24

 
$
(5.31
)
 
$
6.10


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
71
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Net income (loss)
 
$
(918
)
 
$
1,625

 
$
(2,258
)
 
$
3,037

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains on securities available for sale
 
222

 
272

 
1,446

 
564

Net unrealized gains on hedging relationships
 
57

 
537

 
1,431

 
814

Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
23

 
15

 
(44
)
 
45

Net changes in securities held to maturity
 
0

 
6

 
0

 
12

Other
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(2
)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
 
302

 
830

 
2,833

 
1,433

Comprehensive income (loss)
 
$
(616
)
 
$
2,455

 
$
575

 
$
4,470



See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
72
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)


(Dollars in millions, except per share-related data)
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
Assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
 
$
4,583

 
$
4,129

Interest-bearing deposits and other short-term investments
 
51,235

 
9,278

Total cash and cash equivalents
 
55,818

 
13,407

Restricted cash for securitization investors
 
740

 
342

Securities available for sale (amortized cost of $84.7 billion and allowance for credit losses of $3 million as of June 30, 2020)
 
87,859

 
79,213

Loans held for investment:
 
 
 
 
Unsecuritized loans held for investment
 
222,310

 
231,992

Loans held in consolidated trusts
 
29,202

 
33,817

Total loans held for investment
 
251,512

 
265,809

Allowance for credit losses
 
(16,832
)
 
(7,208
)
Net loans held for investment
 
234,680

 
258,601

Loans held for sale ($668 million and $251 million carried at fair value at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)
 
711

 
400

Premises and equipment, net
 
4,324

 
4,378

Interest receivable
 
1,574

 
1,758

Goodwill
 
14,645

 
14,653

Other assets
 
20,945

 
17,613

Total assets
 
$
421,296

 
$
390,365

 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Interest payable
 
$
380

 
$
439

Deposits:
 
 
 
 
Non-interest-bearing deposits
 
29,055

 
23,488

Interest-bearing deposits
 
275,183

 
239,209

Total deposits
 
304,238

 
262,697

Securitized debt obligations
 
15,761

 
17,808

Other debt:
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase
 
573

 
314

Senior and subordinated notes
 
28,481

 
30,472

Other borrowings
 
85

 
7,103

Total other debt
 
29,139

 
37,889

Other liabilities
 
15,733

 
13,521

Total liabilities
 
365,251

 
332,354

Commitments, contingencies and guarantees (see Note 13)
 

 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock (par value $.01 per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 5,350,000 and 4,975,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)
 
0

 
0

Common stock (par value $.01 per share; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 677,226,807 and 672,969,391 shares issued as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; 456,335,486 and 456,562,399 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)
 
7

 
7

Additional paid-in capital, net
 
33,556

 
32,980

Retained earnings
 
35,361

 
40,340

Accumulated other comprehensive income
 
3,981

 
1,156

Treasury stock, at cost (par value $.01 per share; 220,891,321 and 216,406,992 shares as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)
 
(16,860
)
 
(16,472
)
Total stockholders’ equity
 
56,045

 
58,011

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
421,296

 
$
390,365


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
73
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in millions)
 
Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Retained Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Balance as of December 31, 2019
 
4,975,000

 
$
0

 
672,969,391

 
$
7

 
$
32,980

 
$
40,340

 
$
1,156

 
$
(16,472
)
 
$
58,011

Cumulative effects from adoption of the CECL standard
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(2,184
)
 
(8
)
 
 
 
(2,192
)
Comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,340
)
 
2,531

 
 
 
1,191

Dividends—common stock(1)
 
 
 
 
 
23,213

 
0

 
2

 
(187
)
 
 
 
 
 
(185
)
Dividends—preferred stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(55
)
 
 
 
 
 
(55
)
Purchases of treasury stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(386
)
 
(386
)
Issuances of common stock and restricted stock, net of forfeitures
 
 
 
 
 
2,618,628

 
0

 
63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
63

Exercises of stock options
 
 
 
 
 
559,333

 
0

 
20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20

Issuances of preferred stock
 
1,250,000

 
0

 
 
 
 
 
1,209

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,209

Redemptions of preferred stock
 
(875,000
)
 
0

 
 
 
 
 
(853
)
 
(22
)
 
 
 
 
 
(875
)
Compensation expense for restricted stock units and stock options
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29

Balance as of March 31, 2020
 
5,350,000

 
$
0

 
676,170,565

 
$
7

 
$
33,450

 
$
36,552

 
$
3,679

 
$
(16,858
)
 
$
56,830

Comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(918
)
 
302

 
 
 
(616
)
Dividends—common stock(1)
 
 
 
 
 
6,521

 
0

 
0

 
(183
)
 
 
 
 
 
(183
)
Dividends—preferred stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(90
)
 
 
 
 
 
(90
)
Purchases of treasury stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Issuances of common stock and restricted stock, net of forfeitures
 
 
 
 
 
1,041,311

 
0

 
58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
58

Exercises of stock options
 
 
 
 
 
8,410

 
0

 
0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0

Compensation expense for restricted stock units and stock options
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48

Balance as of June 30, 2020
 
5,350,000

 
$
0

 
677,226,807

 
$
7

 
$
33,556

 
$
35,361

 
$
3,981

 
$
(16,860
)
 
$
56,045



See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
74
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in millions)
 
Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Retained Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Balance as of December 31, 2018
 
4,475,000

 
$
0

 
667,969,069

 
$
7

 
$
32,040

 
$
35,875

 
$
(1,263
)
 
$
(14,991
)
 
$
51,668

Cumulative effects from adoption of new lease standard
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(11
)
 
 
 
 
 
(11
)
Comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,412

 
603

 
 
 
2,015

Dividends—common stock(1)
 
 
 
 
 
32,700

 
0

 
3

 
(194
)
 
 
 
 
 
(191
)
Dividends—preferred stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(52
)
 
 
 
 
 
(52
)
Purchases of treasury stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(65
)
 
(65
)
Issuances of common stock and restricted stock, net of forfeitures
 
 
 
 
 
2,641,635

 
0

 
52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
52

Exercises of stock options
 
 
 
 
 
5,000

 
0

 
0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0

Compensation expense for restricted stock units and stock options
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
65

Balance as of March 31, 2019
 
4,475,000

 
$
0

 
670,648,404

 
$
7

 
$
32,160

 
$
37,030

 
$
(660
)
 
$
(15,056
)
 
$
53,481

Comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,625

 
830

 
 
 
2,455

Dividends—common stock(1)
 
 
 
 
 
8,680

 
0

 
1

 
(189
)
 
 
 
 
 
(188
)
Dividends—preferred stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(80
)
 
 
 
 
 
(80
)
Purchases of treasury stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Issuances of common stock and restricted stock, net of forfeitures
 
 
 
 
 
745,017

 
0

 
46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
46

Exercises of stock options
 
 
 
 
 
4,000

 
0

 
0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0

Compensation expense for restricted stock units and stock options
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
55

Balance as of June 30, 2019
 
4,475,000

 
$
0

 
671,406,101

 
$
7

 
$
32,262

 
$
38,386

 
$
170

 
$
(15,058
)
 
$
55,767

_________
(1) 
We declared dividend per share on our common stock of $0.40 in the second quarter of 2020 and 2019, and $0.80 in the first six months of 2020 and 2019.

 


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
75
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
Operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
 
$
(2,257
)
 
$
3,026

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
(1
)
 
11

Net income (loss)
 
(2,258
)
 
3,037

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
 
9,669

 
3,035

Depreciation and amortization, net
 
1,804

 
1,585

Deferred tax benefit
 
(1,574
)
 
(15
)
Net securities losses (gains)
 
0

 
(39
)
Gain on sales of loans
 
(11
)
 
(57
)
Stock-based compensation expense
 
74

 
129

Other
 
(7
)
 
0

Loans held for sale:
 
 
 
 
Originations and purchases
 
(4,347
)
 
(5,371
)
Proceeds from sales and paydowns
 
4,002

 
4,869

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Changes in interest receivable
 
184

 
70

Changes in other assets
 
954

 
1,251

Changes in interest payable
 
(59
)
 
(21
)
Changes in other liabilities
 
783

 
634

Net change from discontinued operations
 
1

 
0

Net cash from operating activities
 
9,215

 
9,107

Investing activities:
 
 
 
 
Securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
Purchases
 
(14,568
)
 
(5,674
)
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities
 
9,113

 
3,362

Proceeds from sales
 
144

 
3,983

Securities held to maturity:
 
 
 
 
Purchases
 
0

 
(396
)
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities
 
0

 
1,657

Loans:
 
 
 
 
Net changes in loans held for investment
 
9,797

 
(3,395
)
Principal recoveries of loans previously charged off
 
1,292

 
1,323

Net purchases of premises and equipment
 
(342
)
 
(396
)
Net cash from other investing activities
 
(377
)
 
(589
)
Net cash from investing activities
 
5,059

 
(125
)
 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
76
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
Financing activities:
 
 
 
 
Deposits and borrowings:
 
 
 
 
Changes in deposits
 
$
41,234

 
$
4,513

Issuance of securitized debt obligations
 
1,248

 
2,617

Maturities and paydowns of securitized debt obligations
 
(3,593
)
 
(4,126
)
Issuance of senior and subordinated notes and long-term FHLB advances
 
3,987

 
2,646

Maturities and paydowns of senior and subordinated notes and long-term FHLB advances
 
(7,156
)
 
(2,751
)
Changes in other borrowings
 
(6,759
)
 
(9,069
)
Common stock:
 
 
 
 
Net proceeds from issuances
 
121

 
98

Dividends paid
 
(368
)
 
(379
)
Preferred stock:
 
 
 
 
Net proceeds from issuances
 
1,209

 
0

Dividends paid
 
(145
)
 
(132
)
Redemptions
 
(875
)
 
0

Purchases of treasury stock
 
(388
)
 
(67
)
Proceeds from share-based payment activities
 
20

 
0

Net cash from financing activities
 
28,535

 
(6,650
)
Changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash for securitization investors
 
42,809

 
2,332

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash for securitization investors, beginning of the period
 
13,749

 
13,489

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash for securitization investors, end of the period
 
$
56,558

 
$
15,821

Supplemental cash flow information:
 
 
 
 
Non-cash items:
 
 
 
 
Net transfers from (to) loans held for investment to (from) loans held for sale
 
$
(36
)
 
$
1,428

Interest paid
 
2,088

 
2,411

Income tax paid
 
137

 
181


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
77
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)



NOTE 1—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company
Capital One Financial Corporation, a Delaware Corporation established in 1994 and headquartered in McLean, Virginia, is a diversified financial services holding company with banking and non-banking subsidiaries. Capital One Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) offer a broad array of financial products and services to consumers, small businesses and commercial clients through digital channels, branches, Cafés and other distribution channels. As of June 30, 2020, our principal subsidiaries included:
•
Capital One Bank (USA), National Association (“COBNA”), which offers credit and debit card products, other lending products and deposit products; and
•
Capital One, National Association (“CONA”), which offers a broad spectrum of banking products and financial services to consumers, small businesses and commercial clients.
The Company is hereafter collectively referred to as “we,” “us” or “our.” COBNA and CONA are collectively referred to as the “Banks.”
We also offer products outside of the United States of America (“U.S.”) principally through Capital One (Europe) plc (“COEP”), an indirect subsidiary of COBNA organized and located in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), and through a branch of COBNA in Canada. COEP has authority, among other things, to provide credit card loans. Our branch of COBNA in Canada also has the authority to provide credit card loans.
Our principal operations are organized for management reporting purposes into three major business segments, which are defined primarily based on the products and services provided or the types of customer served: Credit Card, Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking. We provide details on our business segments, the integration of recent acquisitions, if any, into our business segments and the allocation methodologies and accounting policies used to derive our business segment results in “Note 12—Business Segments and Revenue from Contracts with Customers.”
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and in the related disclosures. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. While management makes its best judgments, actual amounts or results could differ from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all normal, recurring adjustments have been included for a fair statement of this interim financial information. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, and related notes thereto, included in Capital One Financial Corporation’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2019 Form 10-K”).
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rates in the second quarter and first six months of 2020 were computed utilizing the estimated annual effective tax rate method and were driven by the relationship of our tax credits in proportion to our pre-tax earnings. We changed our methodology from the year-to-date method utilized in the first quarter of 2020 due to passage of time as we recorded two quarters of actual results that reduced forecast variability for the remainder of the year.
Significant Accounting Policies Impacted by our Adoption of the CECL Standard
In the first quarter of 2020, we adopted ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“CECL standard”) and updated the below significant accounting policies.

 
 
78
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Investment Securities
We classify securities as available for sale or held to maturity based on our investment strategy and management’s assessment of our intent and ability to hold the securities until maturity. We did not have any securities that were classified as held to maturity as of June 30, 2020.
We report securities available for sale on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The amortized cost of investment securities reflects the amount for which the security was acquired, adjusted for accrued interest, amortization of premiums, discounts, and net deferred fees and costs, collection of cash, and charge-offs. We elect to present accrued interest for securities available for sale within interest receivable on our consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized gains or losses are recorded, net of tax, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). Unamortized premiums, discounts and other basis adjustments for available for sale securities are recognized in interest income over the contractual lives of the securities using the effective interest method. We record purchases and sales of investment securities available for sale on a trade date basis. Realized gains or losses from the sale of debt securities are computed using the first-in first-out method of identification, and are included in non-interest income in our consolidated statements of income.
An individual debt security is impaired when the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost. If we intend to sell an available for sale security in an unrealized loss position or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, any allowance for credit losses is reversed through our provision for credit losses and the difference between the amortized cost basis of the security and its fair value is recognized in our consolidated statements of income.
For impaired debt securities that we have both the intent and ability to hold, the securities are evaluated to determine if a credit loss exists. The allowance for credit losses on our investment securities is recognized through our provision for credit losses and limited by the unrealized losses of a security measured as the difference between the security’s amortized cost and fair value. See further discussion below under the “Allowance for Credit Losses - Available for Sale Investment Securities” section of this Note.
Our investment portfolio also includes certain debt securities that, at the time of purchase, had experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. Such debt securities are accounted for in accordance with accounting guidance for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration and are herein referred to as purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) securities.
PCD securities require the recognition of an allowance for credit losses at the time of acquisition. The allowance for credit losses is not recognized in earnings. Instead, the purchase price and the initial allowance collectively represent the amortized cost basis of a PCD security. Any noncredit discount or premium at the date of acquisition is amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the security. Subsequent to the date of purchase, we re-measure the allowance for credit losses on the amortized cost basis using the same policies as for other debt securities available for sale and changes are recognized through our provision for credit losses. See further discussion below under the “Allowance for Credit Losses - Available for Sale Investment Securities” section of this Note.
We charge off any portion of an investment security that we determine is uncollectible. The amortized cost basis, excluding accrued interest, is charged off through the allowance for credit losses. Accrued interest is charged off as a reduction to interest income. Recoveries of previously charged off principal amounts are recognized in our provision for credit losses when received.
Loans
Our loan portfolio consists of loans held for investment, including loans underlying our consolidated securitization trusts, and loans held for sale and is divided into three portfolio segments: credit card, consumer banking and commercial banking loans. Credit card loans consist of domestic and international credit card loans. Consumer banking loans consist of auto and retail banking loans. Commercial banking loans consist of commercial and multifamily real estate as well as commercial and industrial loans.
Loan Classification
Upon origination or purchase, we classify loans as held for investment or held for sale based on our investment strategy and management’s intent and ability with regard to the loans, which may change over time. The accounting and measurement framework for loans differs depending on the loan classification, whether we elect the fair value option, whether the loans are originated or purchased and whether purchased loans are considered to have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. The presentation within the consolidated statements of cash flows is based on management’s intent at acquisition

 
 
79
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


or origination. Cash flows related to loans that are acquired or originated with the intent to hold for investment are included in cash flows from investing activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows. Cash flows related to loans that are acquired or originated with the intent to sell are included in cash flows from operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
Loans Held for Investment
Loans that we have the ability and intent to hold for the foreseeable future and loans associated with consolidated securitization transactions are classified as held for investment. Loans classified as held for investment, except for credit card loans, are reported at their amortized cost basis, excluding accrued interest. For these loans, we elect to present accrued interest within interest receivable in our consolidated balance sheets. For credit card loans, billed finance charges and fees are included in loans held for investment. Unbilled finance charges and fees on credit card loans are included in interest receivable.
Interest income is recognized on performing loans held for investment on an accrual basis. We defer loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs on originated loans, premiums and discounts on purchased loans and loan commitment fees. We recognize these amounts in interest income as yield adjustments over the life of the loan and/or commitment period using the effective interest method. For credit card loans, loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period. The amortized cost of loans held for investment is subject to our allowance for credit losses methodology described below under the “Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Held for Investment” section of this Note.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans purchased or originated with the intent to sell or for which we do not have the ability and intent to hold for the foreseeable future are classified as held for sale. Multifamily commercial real estate loans originated with the intent to sell to government-sponsored enterprises are accounted for under the fair value option. We elect the fair value option on these loans as part of our management of interest rate risk with corresponding forward sale commitments. Loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs are recognized as incurred and are reported in other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income. Interest income is calculated based on the loan's stated rate of interest and is reported in interest income in the consolidated statements of income. Fair value adjustments are recorded in other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
All other loans classified as held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. Loan origination fees, direct loan origination costs and any discounts and premiums are deferred until the loan is sold and are then recognized as part of the total gain or loss on sale. The fair value of loans held for sale is determined on an aggregate portfolio basis for each loan type. Fair value adjustments are recorded in other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
If a loan is transferred from held for investment to held for sale, then on the transfer date, any decline in fair value related to credit is recorded as a charge-off and any allowance for credit losses is reversed through our provision for credit losses. The loan is then reclassified to held for sale at its amortized cost at the date of the transfer. A valuation allowance is established, if needed, such that the loan held for sale is recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. Subsequent to transfer, we report write-downs or recoveries in fair value up to the carrying value at the date of transfer and realized gains or losses on loans held for sale in our consolidated statements of income as a component of other non-interest income. We calculate the gain or loss on loan sales as the difference between the proceeds received and the carrying value of the loans sold, net of the fair value of any residual interests retained.
Loans Acquired
All purchased loans, including loans transferred in a business combination, are initially recorded at fair value, which includes consideration of expected future losses, as of the date of the acquisition. To determine the fair value of loans at acquisition, we estimate discounted contractual cash flows due using an observable market rate of interest, when available, adjusted for factors that a market participant would consider in determining fair value. In determining fair value, contractual cash flows are adjusted to include prepayment estimates based upon historical payment trends, forecasted default rates and loss severities and other relevant factors. The difference between the fair value and the contractual cash flows is recorded as a loan premium or discount, which may relate to either credit or non-credit factors, at acquisition.
We account for purchased loans under the accounting guidance for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration when, at the time of purchase, the loans have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. We also account for loans under this guidance when the loans were previously accounted for under the accounting guidance for purchased credit impaired loans and debt securities (“PCI”) prior to our adoption of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)

 
 
80
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, on January 1, 2020. We refer to these loans which are accounted for under accounting guidance for purchased financial assets with more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination as “PCD loans”.
We recognize an allowance for credit losses on purchased loans that have not experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination at the time of purchase through earnings in a manner that is consistent with originated loans. The policies relating to the allowance for credit losses on loans is described below in the “Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Held for Investment” section of this Note.
Loan Modifications and Restructurings
As part of our loss mitigation efforts, we may provide modifications to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty to improve long-term collectability of the loan and to avoid the need for foreclosure or repossession of collateral, if any. Our loan modifications typically include short-term payment deferrals, an extension of the loan term, a reduction in the interest rate, a reduction in the loan balance, or a combination of these concessions. A loan modification in which a concession is granted to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty is accounted for and reported as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). See “Note 3—Loans” for additional information on our loan modifications and restructurings, including those in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Delinquent and Nonperforming Loans
The entire balance of a loan is considered contractually delinquent if the minimum required payment is not received by the first statement cycle date equal to or following the due date specified on the customer’s billing statement. Delinquency is reported on loans that are 30 or more days past due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed on nonaccrual status, if applicable. For loan modifications, delinquency and nonaccrual status are reported in accordance with the revised terms of the loans. We generally place loans on nonaccrual status when we believe the collectability of interest and principal is not reasonably assured.
Nonperforming loans generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. We do not report loans classified as held for sale as nonperforming.
Our policies for classifying loans as nonperforming, by loan category, are as follows:
•Credit card loans: As permitted by regulatory guidance issued by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”), our policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being classified as nonperforming, as these loans are generally charged off in the period the account becomes 180 days past due. Consistent with industry conventions, we generally continue to accrue interest and fees on delinquent credit card loans until the loans are charged off.
•Consumer banking loans: We classify consumer banking loans as nonperforming when we determine that the collectability of all interest and principal on the loan is not reasonably assured, generally when the loan becomes 90 days past due.
•Commercial banking loans: We classify commercial banking loans as nonperforming as of the date we determine that the collectability of all interest and principal on the loan is not reasonably assured.
•Modified loans and troubled debt restructurings: Modified loans, including TDRs, that are current at the time of the restructuring remain on accrual status if there is demonstrated performance prior to the restructuring and continued performance under the modified terms is expected. Otherwise, the modified loan is classified as nonperforming.
Interest and fees accrued but not collected at the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status are reversed against earnings. In addition, the amortization of deferred loan fees, costs, premiums and discounts is suspended. Interest and fee income are subsequently recognized only upon the receipt of cash payments. However, if there is doubt regarding the ultimate collectability of loan principal, cash received is generally applied against the principal balance of the loan. Nonaccrual loans are generally returned to accrual status when all principal and interest is current and repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured, or when the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection and collectability is no longer doubtful.
Charge-Offs - Loans

 
 
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Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


We charge off loans when we determine that the loan is uncollectible. The amortized cost basis, excluding accrued interest, is charged off as a reduction to the allowance for credit losses based on the time frames presented below. Accrued interest on loans other than credit card loans determined to be uncollectible is reversed as a reduction of interest income when the loan is classified as nonperforming. For credit card loans, accrued interest is charged off simultaneously with the charge off of other components of amortized cost and as a reduction of interest income. When received, recoveries of previously charged off amounts are recorded as an increase to the allowance for credit losses (see the “Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Held for Investment” section of this Note for information on how we account for expected recoveries). Costs to recover charged off loans are recorded as collection expense and included in our consolidated statements of income as a component of other non-interest expense as incurred. Our charge-off time frames by loan type are presented below.
•Credit card loans: We generally charge off credit card loans in the period the account becomes 180 days past due. We charge off delinquent credit card loans for which revolving privileges have been revoked as part of loan workout when the account becomes 120 days past due. Credit card loans in bankruptcy are generally charged off by the end of the month following 30 days after the receipt of a complete bankruptcy notification from the bankruptcy court. Credit card loans of deceased account holders are generally charged off 5 days after receipt of notification.
•Consumer banking loans: We generally charge off consumer banking loans at the earlier of the date when the account is a specified number of days past due or upon repossession of the underlying collateral. Our charge-off period for auto loans is 120 days past due. Small business banking loans generally charge off at 120 days past due based on the date the amortized cost basis is deemed uncollectible. Auto loans that have not been previously charged off where the borrower has filed for bankruptcy and the loan has not been reaffirmed charge off in the period that the loan is 60 days from the bankruptcy notification date, regardless of delinquency status. Auto loans that have not been previously charged off and have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy are charged off at the end of the month in which the bankruptcy discharge occurs. Remaining consumer loans generally are charged off within 40 days of receipt of notification from the bankruptcy court. Consumer loans of deceased account holders are charged off by the end of the month following 60 days of receipt of notification.
•Commercial banking loans: We charge off commercial loans in the period we determine that the amortized cost basis is uncollectible.
Allowance for Credit Losses
We maintain an allowance for credit losses (“allowance”) that represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual terms of our loans held for investment and investment securities classified as available for sale. We measure the allowance on a quarterly basis through consideration of past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Held for Investment
We measure current expected credit losses over the contractual terms of our loans. The contractual terms are adjusted for expected prepayments but are not extended for renewals or extensions, except when an extension or renewal arises from a borrower option that is not unconditionally cancellable or through a TDR that is reasonably expected to occur.
We aggregate loans sharing similar risk characteristics into pools for purposes of measuring expected credit losses. Pools are reassessed periodically to confirm that all loans within each pool continue to share similar risk characteristics. Expected credit losses for loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with other financial assets are measured individually.
Expected recoveries of amounts previously charged off or expected to be charged off are recognized within the allowance, with a corresponding reduction to our provision for credit losses. At times expected recoveries may result in a negative allowance. We limit the allowance to amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off. Charge-offs of uncollectible amounts result in a reduction to the allowance and recoveries of previously charged off amounts result in an increase to the allowance.
When developing an estimate of expected credit losses, we use both quantitative and qualitative methods in considering all available information relevant to assessing collectability. This may include internal information, external information, or a combination of both relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Significant judgment is applied to the development and duration of reasonable and supportable forecasts used in our estimation of lifetime losses. We estimate expected

 
 
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Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


credit losses over the duration of those forecasts and then revert, on a rational and systematic basis, to historical losses at each relevant loss component of the estimate. Expected losses for contractual terms extending beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast and reversion periods are based on those historical losses.
Management will consider and may qualitatively adjust for conditions, changes, and trends in loan portfolios that may not be captured in modeled results. These adjustments are referred to as qualitative factors and represent management’s judgment of the imprecision and risks inherent in the processes and assumptions used in establishing the allowance for credit losses. Management’s judgment may involve an assessment of current and forward-looking conditions including but not limited to changes in lending policies and procedures, nature and volume of the portfolio, external factors, and uncertainty as it relates to economic, model or forecast risks, where not already captured in the modeled results.
Expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. When we intend to liquidate the collateral, the fair value of the collateral is adjusted for expected costs to sell. A loan is deemed to be a collateral-dependent loan when (i) we determine foreclosure or repossession of the underlying collateral is probable, or (ii) foreclosure or repossession is not probable, but the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and we expect repayment to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The allowance for a collateral-dependent loan reflects the difference between the loan’s amortized cost basis and the fair value (less selling costs, where applicable) of the loan's underlying collateral.
Our credit card and consumer banking loan portfolios consist of smaller-balance, homogeneous loans. The consumer banking loan portfolio is divided into two primary portfolio segments: auto loans and retail banking loans. The credit card and consumer banking loan portfolios are further divided by our business units into groups based on common risk characteristics, such as origination year, contract type, interest rate, credit bureau score and geography. The commercial banking loan portfolio is primarily composed of larger-balance, non-homogeneous loans. These loans are subject to reviews that result in internal risk ratings. In assessing the risk rating of a particular commercial banking loan, among the factors we consider are the financial condition of the borrower, geography, collateral performance, historical loss experience and industry-specific information that management believes is relevant in determining and measuring expected credit losses. Subjective assessment and interpretation are involved. Emphasizing one factor over another or considering additional factors could impact the risk rating assigned to that commercial banking loan.
For consumer banking and commercial banking loans, the contractual period typically does not include renewals or extensions because the renewals and extensions are generally not at the borrower’s exclusive option to exercise. Management has determined that the undrawn credit exposure that is associated with our credit card loans is unconditionally cancellable. For this reason, expected credit losses are measured based on the drawn balance at each quarterly measurement date, but not on the undrawn exposure. Because credit card loans do not have a defined contractual life, management estimates both the volume and application of payments to determine a contractual life of the drawn balance at the measurement date over which expected credit losses are developed for credit card loans.
With the exception of credit card loans, we have made a policy election to not measure an allowance on accrued interest for loans held for investment because we reverse uncollectible accrued interest in a timely manner. See the “Delinquent and Nonperforming Loans” and “Charge-Offs - Loans” sections of this Note for information on what we consider timely. For credit card loans, we do not make this election, as we reserve for uncollectible accrued interest relating to credit card loans in the allowance.
The allowance related to credit card and consumer banking loans assessed on a pooled basis is based on a modeled calculation, which is supplemented by management judgment as described above. Because of the homogeneous nature of our consumer loan portfolios, the allowance is based on the aggregated portfolio segment evaluations. The allowance is established through a process that begins with estimates of historical losses in each pool based upon various statistical analyses, with adjustments for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of conditions, which includes expected economic conditions. Loss forecast models are utilized to estimate expected credit losses and consider several portfolio indicators including, but not limited to, expected economic conditions, historical loss experience, account seasoning, the value of collateral underlying secured loans, estimated foreclosures or defaults based on observable trends, delinquencies, bankruptcy filings, unemployment, credit bureau scores and general business trends. Management believes these factors are relevant in estimating expected credit losses and also considers an evaluation of overall portfolio credit quality based on indicators such as changes in our credit evaluation, underwriting and collection management policies, the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements, general economic conditions and business trends, and uncertainties in forecasting and modeling techniques used in estimating our allowance.

 
 
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Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


The allowance related to commercial banking loans assessed on a pooled basis is based on our historical loss experience for loans with similar risk characteristics and consideration of the current credit quality of the portfolio, which is supplemented by management judgment as described above. These are adjusted for current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of conditions likely to cause future losses which vary from historical levels. We apply internal risk ratings to commercial banking loans, which we use to assess credit quality and derive a total loss estimate based on an estimated probability of default (“default rate”) and loss given default (“loss severity”). Management may also apply judgment to adjust the loss factors derived, taking into consideration both quantitative and qualitative factors, including general economic conditions, industry-specific and geographic trends, portfolio concentrations, trends in internal credit quality indicators, and current and past underwriting standards that have occurred but are not yet reflected in the historical data underlying our loss estimates.
The allowance related to smaller-balance homogeneous credit card and consumer banking loans whose terms have been modified in a TDR is calculated on a pool basis using historical loss experience, adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of conditions likely to cause future losses which vary from historical levels for the respective class of assets. The allowance related to consumer banking loans that are assessed at a loan-level is determined based on key considerations that include the borrower’s overall financial condition, resources and payment history, prospects for support from financially responsible guarantors, and when applicable, the estimated realizable value of any collateral. The allowance related to commercial banking loans that are assessed at a loan-level is generally determined in accordance with our policy for estimating expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans as described above.
Off-balance sheet credit exposures
In addition to the allowance, we also measure expected credit losses related to unfunded lending commitments that are not unconditionally cancellable in our Commercial Banking business. This reserve is measured using the same measurement objectives as the allowance for loans held for investment and is recorded within other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. These commitments are segregated by risk according to our internal risk rating scale, which we use to assess credit quality and derive an expected credit loss estimate. We assess these risk classifications, taking into consideration both quantitative and qualitative factors, including historical loss experience, adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of conditions likely to cause future losses which vary from historical levels, and utilization assumptions to estimate the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. Expected credit losses are not measured on unfunded lending commitments that are unconditionally cancellable, including all of our unfunded credit card and consumer banking lending commitments and certain of our unfunded commercial banking lending commitments.
Determining the appropriateness of the allowance and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the reserve for unfunded lending commitments in future periods. See “Note 4—Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments” for additional information.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Available for Sale Investment Securities
When an investment security available for sale is impaired due to credit factors, we recognize a provision for credit losses on our consolidated statements of income and an allowance for credit losses on the consolidated balance sheet. Credit losses recognized in the allowance for credit losses are limited to the amount by which the investment security’s amortized cost basis exceeds its fair value. Investment securities in unrealized gain positions do not have an allowance for credit losses as the investment security could be sold at its fair value to prevent realization of credit losses. We exclude accrued interest from the fair value and amortized cost basis of an investment security for purposes of measuring impairment. Charge-offs of uncollectible amounts of investment securities are deducted from the allowance for credit losses.
For certain of our securities available for sale, we have determined that there is no risk of impairment due to credit factors. These investment securities include high quality debt instruments that are issued and guaranteed by the United States government and its agencies or are issued through certain government-sponsored enterprises. Management performs periodic assessments to reevaluate this conclusion by considering any changes in historical losses, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
We evaluate impairment on a quarterly basis at the individual security level and determine whether any portion of the decline in fair value is due to a credit loss. We make this determination through the use of quantitative and qualitative analyses. Our qualitative analysis includes factors such as the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes in the security’s credit

 
 
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Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


rating, past defaults or delayed payments, and adverse conditions impacting the security or issuer. A credit loss exists to the extent that management does not expect to recover the amortized cost basis.
For investment securities which require further assessment, we perform a quantitative analysis using a discounted cash flow methodology and compare the present value of expected future cash flows from the security available for sale to the security’s amortized cost basis. Projected future cash flows reflect management’s best estimate and is based on our understanding of past events, current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts, and are discounted by the security’s effective interest rate adjusted for expected prepayments. The allowance for credit losses for investment securities reflects the difference by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the present value of future cash flows and is limited to the amount by which the security’s amortized cost exceeds its fair value. See “Note 2—Investment Securities” for additional information.
Revenue Recognition
Interest Income and Fees
Interest income and fees on loans and investment securities are recognized based on the contractual provisions of the underlying arrangements.
Loan origination fees and costs and premiums and discounts on loans held for investment are deferred and generally amortized into interest income as yield adjustments over the contractual life and/or commitment period using the effective interest method. Costs deferred include direct origination costs such as bounties paid to third parties for new accounts and incentives paid to our network of auto dealers for loan referrals. In certain circumstances, we elect to factor prepayment estimates into the calculation of the constant effective yield necessary to apply the interest method. Prepayment estimates are based on historical prepayment data, existing and forecasted interest rates, and economic data. For credit card loans, loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period.
Unamortized premiums, discounts and other basis adjustments on investment securities are recognized in interest income over the contractual lives of the securities using the effective interest method.
Finance charges and fees on credit card loans are recorded in revenue when earned. Billed finance charges and fees on credit card loans are included in loan receivables. Unbilled finance charges and fees on credit card loans are included in interest receivable on our consolidated balance sheets. Annual membership fees are classified as service charges and other customer-related fees on our consolidated statements of income and are deferred and amortized into income over 12 months on a straight-line basis. We continue to accrue finance charges and fees on credit card loans until the account is charged off.

 
 
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Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Newly Adopted Accounting Standards During the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Standard
 
Guidance
 
Adoption Timing and Financial Statement Impacts
Cloud Computing
ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract
Issued August 2018
 
Aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license).
 
We adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2020 using the prospective method of adoption.
Our adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Goodwill Impairment Test Simplification
ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
Issued January 2017
 
Historical guidance for goodwill impairment testing prescribed that the company must compare each reporting unit’s carrying value to its fair value. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, an entity performs the second step, which assigns the reporting unit’s fair value to its assets and liabilities, including unrecognized assets and liabilities, in the same manner as required in purchase accounting and then records an impairment. This ASU eliminates the second step.
Under the new guidance, an impairment of a reporting unit’s goodwill is determined based on the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.
 
We adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2020 using the prospective method of adoption.
Our adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”)
ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
Issued June 2016
 
Requires use of the current expected credit loss model that is based on expected losses (net of expected recoveries), rather than incurred losses, to determine our allowance for credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, certain net investments in leases and certain off-balance sheet arrangements.

Replaces current accounting for purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) and impaired loans.

Amends the other-than-temporary impairment model for available for sale debt securities. The new guidance requires that credit losses be recorded through an allowance approach, rather than through permanent write-downs for credit losses and subsequent accretion of positive changes through interest income over time.
 
We adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2020, using the modified retrospective method of adoption.

Upon adoption, we recorded an increase to our reserves for credit losses of $2.9 billion, an increase to our deferred tax assets of $694 million, and a decrease to our retained earnings of $2.2 billion.

Additionally, we made a prospective change to present our finance charge and fee reserve as a component of our allowance for credit losses instead of as an offset to our loans held for investment. This balance sheet reclassification increased our allowance for credit losses, with a corresponding increase to our loans held for investment by $462 million as of January 1, 2020.


 
 
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Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


NOTE 2—INVESTMENT SECURITIES
Our investment securities portfolio consists of the following: U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government-sponsored enterprise or agency (“Agency”) and non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), and other securities. Agency securities include Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guaranteed securities, Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) issued securities. The carrying value of our investments in U.S. Treasury and Agency securities represented 97% and 96% of our total investment securities portfolio as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
In the first quarter of 2020, we adopted the CECL standard. For purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) securities, this resulted in an increase of their amortized cost basis and related allowance for credit losses. However, the allowance for credit losses for PCD securities is limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the PCD security exceeds its fair value. This limitation resulted in an increase of $11 million to our retained earnings with a corresponding decrease in AOCI at adoption. We exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost disclosed in this note. Our disclosures below reflect these adoption changes. Prior period presentation was not reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information.
The table below presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of securities available for sale as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Accrued interest receivable of $233 million as of June 30, 2020 is not included in the below table.
Table 2.1: Investment Securities Available for Sale
 
 
June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Allowance for Credit Losses
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
 
$
4,353

 
$
0

 
$
12

 
$
(3
)
 
$
4,362

RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
 
68,223

 
0

 
2,541

 
(77
)
 
70,687

Non-agency
 
1,144

 
(3
)
 
187

 
(1
)
 
1,327

Total RMBS
 
69,367

 
(3
)
 
2,728

 
(78
)
 
72,014

Agency CMBS
 
9,940

 
0

 
469

 
(9
)
 
10,400

Other securities(1)
 
1,082

 
0

 
2

 
(1
)
 
1,083

Total investment securities available for sale
 
$
84,742

 
$
(3
)
 
$
3,211

 
$
(91
)
 
$
87,859

 
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
 
$
4,122

 
$
6

 
$
(4
)
 
$
4,124

RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
 
62,003

 
1,120

 
(284
)
 
62,839

Non-agency
 
1,235

 
266

 
(2
)
 
1,499

Total RMBS
 
63,238

 
1,386

 
(286
)
 
64,338

Agency CMBS
 
9,303

 
165

 
(42
)
 
9,426

Other securities(1)
 
1,321

 
4

 
0

 
1,325

Total investment securities available for sale
 
$
77,984

 
$
1,561

 
$
(332
)
 
$
79,213

__________
(1) 
Includes primarily supranational bonds, foreign government bonds and other asset-backed securities.

 
 
87
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Investment Securities in a Gross Unrealized Loss Position
The table below provides the gross unrealized losses and fair value of our securities available for sale aggregated by major security type and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The amounts as of June 30, 2020 only include securities available for sale without an allowance for credit losses.
Table 2.2: Securities in a Gross Unrealized Loss Position
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Longer
 
Total
(Dollars in millions)
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Investment securities available for sale without an allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
 
$
2,812

 
$
(3
)
 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
2,812

 
$
(3
)
RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
 
2,732

 
(30
)
 
3,210

 
(47
)
 
5,942

 
(77
)
Non-agency
 
14

 
0

 
2

 
0

 
16

 
0

Total RMBS
 
2,746

 
(30
)
 
3,212

 
(47
)
 
5,958

 
(77
)
Agency CMBS
 
644

 
(3
)
 
724

 
(6
)
 
1,368

 
(9
)
Other securities(1)
 
677

 
(1
)
 
5

 
0

 
682

 
(1
)
Total investment securities available for sale in a gross unrealized loss position without an allowance for credit losses(2)
 
$
6,879

 
$
(37
)
 
$
3,941

 
$
(53
)
 
$
10,820

 
$
(90
)
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Longer
 
Total
(Dollars in millions)
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
 
$
2,647

 
$
(4
)
 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
2,647

 
$
(4
)
RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
 
10,494

 
(92
)
 
10,567

 
(192
)
 
21,061

 
(284
)
Non-agency
 
35

 
(1
)
 
16

 
(1
)
 
51

 
(2
)
Total RMBS
 
10,529

 
(93
)
 
10,583

 
(193
)
 
21,112

 
(286
)
Agency CMBS
 
2,580

 
(23
)
 
1,563

 
(19
)
 
4,143

 
(42
)
Other securities(1)
 
126

 
0

 
106

 
0

 
232

 
0

Total investment securities available for sale in a gross unrealized loss position
 
$
15,882

 
$
(120
)
 
$
12,252

 
$
(212
)
 
$
28,134

 
$
(332
)
__________
(1) 
Includes primarily supranational bonds,foreign government bonds, and other asset-backed securities.
(2) 
Consists of approximately 350 securities in gross unrealized loss positions as of June 30, 2020.

 
 
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Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Maturities and Yields of Investment Securities
The table below summarizes, by major security type, the contractual maturities and weighted-average yields of our investment securities as of June 30, 2020. Because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations, the expected maturities of our securities are likely to differ from the scheduled contractual maturities presented below. The weighted-average yield below represents the effective yield for the investment securities and is calculated based on the amortized cost of each security.
Table 2.3: Contractual Maturities and Weighted-Average Yields of Securities
 
 
June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Due in
1 Year or Less
 
Due > 1 Year
through
5 Years
 
Due > 5 Years
through
10 Years
 
Due > 10 Years
 
Total
Fair value of securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
 
$
0

 
$
4,362

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
4,362

RMBS(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
 
0

 
82

 
963

 
69,642

 
70,687

Non-agency
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
1,327

 
1,327

Total RMBS
 
0

 
82

 
963

 
70,969

 
72,014

Agency CMBS(1)
 
6

 
2,550

 
4,262

 
3,582

 
10,400

Other securities
 
265

 
534

 
284

 
0

 
1,083

Total securities available for sale
 
$
271

 
$
7,528

 
$
5,509

 
$
74,551

 
$
87,859

Amortized cost of securities available for sale
 
$
270

 
$
7,486

 
$
5,271

 
$
71,715

 
$
84,742

Weighted-average yield for securities available for sale
 
1.15
%
 
1.52
%
 
2.38
%
 
2.61
%
 
2.49
%
__________
(1) 
As of June 30, 2020, the weighted-average expected maturities of RMBS and Agency CMBS are 3.6 years and 5.0 years, respectively.
Net Securities Gains or Losses and Process from Sales
We had no sales of securities for the three months ended June 30, 2020. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, total proceeds from the sale of our securities were $144 million and we recognized less than $1 million of gains. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, total proceeds from sale of our securities were $909 million and $4.0 billion, with gains of $15 million and $39 million, respectively.
Securities Pledged and Received
We pledged investment securities totaling $12.6 billion and $14.0 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. These securities are primarily pledged to secure Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLB”) advances and Public Funds deposits, as well as for other purposes as required or permitted by law. We accepted pledges of securities with a fair value of approximately $1 million as of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, related to our derivative transactions.

 
 
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Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


NOTE 3—LOANS

Our loan portfolio consists of loans held for investment, including loans held in our consolidated trusts, and loans held for sale. We further divide our loans held for investment into three portfolio segments: credit card, consumer banking and commercial banking. Credit card loans consist of domestic and international credit card loans. Consumer banking loans consist of auto and retail banking loans. Commercial banking loans consist of commercial and multifamily real estate as well as commercial and industrial loans. The information presented in this section excludes loans held for sale, which are carried at either fair value (if we elect the fair value option) or at the lower of cost or fair value.
In the first quarter of 2020, we adopted the CECL standard. Accordingly, our disclosures below reflect these adoption changes. Prior period presentation was not modified to conform to the current period presentation. See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information. Amounts as of June 30, 2020, include the impacts of COVID-19 customer assistance programs where applicable.
Accrued interest receivable of $1.3 billion as of June 30, 2020 is not included in the tables in this note. The table below presents the composition and aging analysis of our loans held for investment portfolio as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The delinquency aging includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming.
Table 3.1: Loan Portfolio Composition and Aging Analysis
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
 
 
 
Delinquent Loans
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
Current
 
30-59
Days
 
60-89
Days
 
> 90
Days
 
Total
Delinquent
Loans
 
Total
Loans
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic credit card
 
$
96,666

 
$
668

 
$
554

 
$
1,502

 
$
2,724

 
$
99,390

International card businesses
 
7,689

 
76

 
54

 
101

 
231

 
7,920

Total credit card
 
104,355

 
744

 
608

 
1,603

 
2,955

 
107,310

Consumer Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
61,043

 
1,517

 
582

 
177

 
2,276

 
63,319

Retail banking
 
3,346

 
20

 
11

 
16

 
47

 
3,393

Total consumer banking
 
64,389

 
1,537

 
593

 
193

 
2,323

 
66,712

Commercial Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
30,667

 
137

 
118

 
31

 
286

 
30,953

Commercial and industrial
 
46,311

 
114

 
23

 
89

 
226

 
46,537

Total commercial banking
 
76,978

 
251

 
141

 
120

 
512

 
77,490

Total loans(1)
 
$
245,722

 
$
2,532

 
$
1,342

 
$
1,916

 
$
5,790

 
$
251,512

% of Total loans
 
97.7
%
 
1.0
%
 
0.5
%
 
0.8
%
 
2.3
%
 
100.0
%

 
 
90
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
Delinquent Loans
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
Current
 
30-59
Days
 
60-89
Days
 
> 90
Days
 
Total
Delinquent
Loans
 
PCI
Loans
 
Total
Loans
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic credit card
 
$
113,857

 
$
1,341

 
$
1,038

 
$
2,277

 
$
4,656

 
$
93

 
$
118,606

International card businesses
 
9,277

 
133

 
84

 
136

 
353

 
0

 
9,630

Total credit card
 
123,134

 
1,474

 
1,122

 
2,413

 
5,009

 
93

 
128,236

Consumer Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
55,778

 
2,828

 
1,361

 
395

 
4,584

 
0

 
60,362

Retail banking
 
2,658

 
24

 
8

 
11

 
43

 
2

 
2,703

Total consumer banking
 
58,436

 
2,852

 
1,369

 
406

 
4,627

 
2

 
63,065

Commercial Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
30,157

 
43

 
20

 
4

 
67

 
21

 
30,245

Commercial and industrial
 
44,009

 
75

 
26

 
143

 
244

 
10

 
44,263

Total commercial banking
 
74,166

 
118

 
46

 
147

 
311

 
31

 
74,508

Total loans(1)
 
$
255,736

 
$
4,444

 
$
2,537

 
$
2,966

 
$
9,947

 
$
126

 
$
265,809

% of Total loans
 
96.2
%
 
1.6
%
 
1.0
%
 
1.1
%
 
3.7
%
 
0.1
%
 
100.0
%
__________
(1) 
Loans include unamortized premiums and discounts, and unamortized deferred fees and costs totaling $1.1 billion as of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
The following table presents our loans held for investment that are 90 days or more past due that continue to accrue interest and loans that are classified as nonperforming as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We also present nonperforming loans without an allowance as of June 30, 2020. Nonperforming loans generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status.
Table 3.2: 90+ Day Delinquent Loans Accruing Interest and Nonperforming Loans
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
> 90 Days and Accruing
 
Nonperforming
Loans(1)
 
Nonperforming Loans Without an Allowance
 
> 90 Days and Accruing
 
Nonperforming
Loans
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic credit card
 
$
1,502

 
N/A

 
$
0

 
$
2,277

 
N/A

International card businesses
 
94

 
$
23

 
0

 
130

 
$
25

Total credit card
 
1,596

 
23

 
0

 
2,407

 
25

Consumer Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
0

 
260

 
0

 
0

 
487

Retail banking
 
0

 
24

 
2

 
0

 
23

Total consumer banking
 
0

 
284

 
2

 
0

 
510

Commercial Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
14

 
167

 
162

 
0

 
38

Commercial and industrial
 
0

 
493

 
160

 
0

 
410

Total commercial banking
 
14

 
660

 
322

 
0

 
448

Total
 
$
1,610

 
$
967

 
$
324

 
$
2,407

 
$
983

% of Total loans held for investment
 
0.6
%
 
0.4
%
 
0.1
%
 
0.9
%
 
0.4
%
__________
(1) 
We recognized interest income for loans classified as nonperforming of $5 million and $11 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.

 
 
91
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Credit Quality Indicators
We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to assess and manage our exposure to credit risk. We discuss these risks and our credit quality indicator for each portfolio segment below.
Credit Card
Our credit card loan portfolio is highly diversified across millions of accounts and numerous geographies without significant individual exposure. We therefore generally manage credit risk based on portfolios with common risk characteristics. The risk in our credit card loan portfolio correlates to broad economic trends, such as unemployment rates and home values, as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The key indicator we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our credit card loan portfolio is delinquency trends, including an analysis of loan migration between delinquency categories over time.
The table below presents our credit card portfolio by delinquency status as of June 30, 2020.
Table 3.3: Credit Card Delinquency Status
 
 
June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Revolving Loans
 
Revolving Loans Converted to Term
 
Total
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic credit card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
 
$
96,000

 
$
666

 
$
96,666

30-59 days
 
637

 
31

 
668

60-89 days
 
532

 
22

 
554

Greater than 90 days
 
1,475

 
27

 
1,502

Total domestic credit card
 
98,644

 
746

 
99,390

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
International card businesses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
 
7,625

 
64

 
7,689

30-59 days
 
66

 
10

 
76

60-89 days
 
43

 
11

 
54

Greater than 90 days
 
87

 
14

 
101

Total international card businesses
 
7,821

 
99

 
7,920

Total credit card
 
$
106,465

 
$
845

 
$
107,310


Consumer Banking
Our consumer banking loan portfolio consists of auto and retail banking loans. Similar to our credit card loan portfolio, the risk in our consumer banking loan portfolio correlates to broad economic trends, such as unemployment rates, gross domestic product and home values, as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The key indicator we monitor when assessing the credit quality and risk of our auto loan portfolio is borrower credit scores as they measure the creditworthiness of borrowers. Delinquency trends are the key indicator we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our retail banking loan portfolio.
The table below presents our consumer banking portfolio of loans held for investment by credit quality indicator as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We present our auto loan portfolio by FICO scores at origination and our retail banking loan portfolio by delinquency status, which includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming.

 
 
92
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Table 3.4: Consumer Banking Portfolio by Credit Quality Indicator
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
 
 
 
Term Loans by Vintage Year
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Prior
 
Total Term Loans
 
Revolving Loans
 
Revolving Loans Converted to Term
 
Total
 
December 31, 2019
Auto—At origination FICO scores:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Greater than 660
 
$
6,968

 
$
10,018

 
$
6,099

 
$
3,931

 
$
1,879

 
$
519

 
$
29,414

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
29,414

 
$
28,773

621-660
 
3,028

 
4,436

 
2,549

 
1,569

 
721

 
233

 
12,536

 
0

 
0

 
12,536

 
11,924

620 or below
 
5,310

 
7,550

 
4,149

 
2,612

 
1,272

 
476

 
21,369

 
0

 
0

 
21,369

 
19,665

Total auto
 
15,306

 
22,004

 
12,797

 
8,112

 
3,872

 
1,228

 
63,319

 
0

 
0

 
63,319

 
60,362

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail banking—Delinquency status:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
 
1,032

 
237

 
236

 
243

 
202

 
619

 
2,569

 
768

 
9

 
3,346

 
2,658

30-59 days
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
1

 
0

 
4

 
5

 
15

 
0

 
20

 
24

60-89 days
 
0

 
0

 
5

 
1

 
0

 
1

 
7

 
4

 
0

 
11

 
8

Greater than 90 days
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
3

 
2

 
3

 
8

 
8

 
0

 
16

 
11

Total retail banking(2)
 
1,032

 
237

 
241

 
248

 
204

 
627

 
2,589

 
795

 
9

 
3,393

 
2,701

Total consumer banking
 
$
16,338

 
$
22,241

 
$
13,038

 
$
8,360

 
$
4,076

 
$
1,855

 
$
65,908

 
$
795

 
$
9

 
$
66,712

 
$
63,063

__________
(1) 
Amounts represent period-end loans held for investment in each credit score category. Auto credit scores generally represent average FICO scores obtained from three credit bureaus at the time of application and are not refreshed thereafter. Balances for which no credit score is available or the credit score is invalid are included in the 620 or below category.
(2) 
Includes the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans of $931 million as of June 30, 2020.
Commercial Banking
The key credit quality indicator for our commercial loan portfolios is our internal risk ratings. We assign internal risk ratings to loans based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to repay their debt. In determining the risk rating of a particular loan, some of the factors considered are the borrower’s current financial condition, historical and projected future credit performance, prospects for support from financially responsible guarantors, the estimated realizable value of any collateral and current economic trends. The scale based on our internal risk rating system is as follows:
•
Noncriticized: Loans that have not been designated as criticized, frequently referred to as “pass” loans.
•
Criticized performing: Loans in which the financial condition of the obligor is stressed, affecting earnings, cash flows or collateral values. The borrower currently has adequate capacity to meet near-term obligations; however, the stress, left unabated, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects at some future date.
•
Criticized nonperforming: Loans that are not adequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as criticized nonperforming have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, which jeopardize the full repayment of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain a credit loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and are generally placed on nonaccrual status.
We use our internal risk rating system for regulatory reporting, determining the frequency of credit exposure reviews, and evaluating and determining the allowance for credit losses for commercial loans. Generally, loans that are designated as criticized performing and criticized nonperforming are reviewed quarterly by management to determine if they are appropriately classified/rated and whether any impairment exists. Noncriticized loans are also generally reviewed, at least annually, to determine the appropriate risk rating. In addition, we evaluate the risk rating during the renewal process of any loan or if a loan becomes past due.

 
 
93
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


The following table presents our commercial banking portfolio of loans held for investment by internal risk ratings as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The internal risk rating status includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming.
Table 3.5: Commercial Banking Portfolio by Internal Risk Ratings
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
 
Term Loans by Vintage Year
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Prior
 
Total Term Loans
 
Revolving Loans
 
Revolving Loans Converted to Term
 
Total
Internal risk rating:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncriticized
 
$
2,466

 
$
5,490

 
$
3,587

 
$
2,000

 
$
2,217

 
$
6,635

 
$
22,395

 
$
6,878

 
$
0

 
$
29,273

Criticized performing
 
69

 
163

 
343

 
211

 
216

 
456

 
1,458

 
55

 
0

 
1,513

Criticized nonperforming
 
0

 
11

 
30

 
0

 
4

 
122

 
167

 
0

 
0

 
167

Total commercial and multifamily real estate
 
2,535

 
5,664

 
3,960

 
2,211

 
2,437

 
7,213

 
24,020

 
6,933

 
0

 
30,953

Commercial and industrial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncriticized
 
4,879

 
10,234

 
4,758

 
3,078

 
1,998

 
3,814

 
28,761

 
12,774

 
73

 
41,608

Criticized performing
 
169

 
668

 
524

 
371

 
114

 
202

 
2,048

 
2,388

 
0

 
4,436

Criticized nonperforming
 
32

 
76

 
60

 
60

 
8

 
0

 
236

 
257

 
0

 
493

Total commercial and industrial
 
5,080

 
10,978

 
5,342

 
3,509

 
2,120

 
4,016

 
31,045

 
15,419

 
73

 
46,537

Total commercial banking(2)
 
$
7,615

 
$
16,642

 
$
9,302

 
$
5,720

 
$
4,557

 
$
11,229

 
$
55,065

 
$
22,352

 
$
73

 
$
77,490

 
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate
 
% of Total
 
Commercial and Industrial
 
% of Total
 
Total Commercial Banking
 
% of Total 
Internal risk rating:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncriticized
 
$
29,625

 
97.9
%
 
$
42,223

 
95.4
%
 
$
71,848

 
96.5
%
Criticized performing
 
561

 
1.9

 
1,620

 
3.7

 
2,181

 
2.9

Criticized nonperforming
 
38

 
0.1

 
410

 
0.9

 
448

 
0.6

PCI loans
 
21

 
0.1

 
10

 
0.0

 
31

 
0.0

Total
 
$
30,245

 
100.0
%
 
$
44,263

 
100.0
%
 
$
74,508

 
100.0
%
__________
(1) 
Criticized exposures correspond to the “Special Mention,” “Substandard” and “Doubtful” asset categories defined by bank regulatory authorities.
(2) 
Includes PPP loans of $231 million as of June 30, 2020.
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we converted $89 million and $249 million of revolving loans to term loans, respectively, primarily in our domestic credit card loan portfolio.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Banking Agencies issued an interagency statement that provides banking organizations with additional guidance and relief on accounting for certain customer concessions related to COVID-19. Specifically, TDR accounting relief is available for short-term COVID-19-related modifications of loans that were not more than 30 days past due where concessions do not extend beyond six months. We assessed all loan modifications introduced to borrowers as of June 30, 2020 in response to COVID-19 and followed guidance that such eligible loan modifications made on a temporary and good faith basis in response to COVID-19 are not considered TDRs.
Total recorded TDRs were $1.8 billion and $1.7 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. TDRs classified as performing in our credit card and consumer banking loan portfolios totaled $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion as of June 30, 2020

 
 
94
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


and December 31, 2019, respectively. TDRs classified as performing in our commercial banking loan portfolio totaled $349 million and $224 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Commitments to lend additional funds on loans modified in TDRs totaled $145 million and $178 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Loans Modified in TDRs
As part of our loan modification programs to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, we may provide multiple concessions to minimize our economic loss and improve long-term loan performance and collectability. The following tables present the major modification types, recorded investment amounts and financial effects of loans modified in TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
Table 3.6: Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
 
Total Loans Modified(1)
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
 
Reduced Interest Rate
 
Term Extension
 
Balance Reduction
(Dollars in millions)
 
% of TDR Activity(2)
 
Average Rate Reduction
 
% of TDR Activity(2)
 
Average Term Extension (Months)
 
% of TDR Activity(2)
 
Gross Balance Reduction
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic credit card
 
$
56

 
100
%
 
15.41
%
 
0
%
 
0
 
0
%
 
$
0

International card businesses
 
28

 
100

 
26.56

 
0

 
0
 
0

 
0

Total credit card
 
84

 
100

 
19.14

 
0

 
0
 
0

 
0

Consumer Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
137

 
5

 
4.12

 
95

 
3
 
0

 
0

Retail banking
 
1

 
10

 
8.37

 
59

 
4
 
0

 
0

Total consumer banking
 
138

 
5

 
4.19

 
95

 
3
 
0

 
0

Commercial Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
9

 
0

 
0.00

 
100

 
7
 
0

 
0

Commercial and industrial
 
181

 
0

 
0.00

 
52

 
8
 
9

 
7

Total commercial banking
 
190

 
0

 
0.00

 
55

 
8
 
8

 
7

Total
 
$
412

 
22

 
17.96

 
57

 
5
 
4

 
$
7

 
 
Total Loans Modified(1)
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
 
Reduced Interest Rate
 
Term Extension
 
Balance Reduction
(Dollars in millions)
 
% of TDR Activity(2)
 
Average Rate Reduction
 
% of TDR Activity(2)
 
Average Term Extension (Months)
 
% of TDR Activity(2)
 
Gross Balance Reduction
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic credit card
 
$
145

 
100
%
 
16.05
%
 
0
%
 
0
 
0
%
 
$
0

International card businesses
 
79

 
100

 
27.05

 
0

 
0
 
0

 
0

Total credit card
 
224

 
100

 
19.94

 
0

 
0
 
0

 
0

Consumer Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
260

 
12

 
3.51

 
95

 
4
 
0

 
0

Retail banking
 
4

 
4

 
11.42

 
15

 
4
 
0

 
0

Total consumer banking
 
264

 
12

 
3.55

 
93

 
4
 
0

 
0

Commercial Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
28

 
0

 
0.00

 
100

 
10
 
0

 
0

Commercial and industrial
 
188

 
0

 
0.00

 
50

 
8
 
8

 
7

Total commercial banking
 
216

 
0

 
0.00

 
57

 
9
 
7

 
7

Total
 
$
704

 
36

 
17.90

 
52

 
5
 
2

 
$
7


 
 
95
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
Total Loans Modified(1)
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Reduced Interest Rate
 
Term Extension
(Dollars in millions)
% of TDR Activity(2)
 
Average Rate Reduction
 
% of TDR Activity(2)
 
Average Term Extension (Months)
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic credit card
 
$
74

 
100
%
 
16.60
%
 
0
%
 
0
International card businesses
 
40

 
100

 
27.25

 
0

 
0
Total credit card
 
114

 
100

 
20.32

 
0

 
0
Consumer Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
52

 
46

 
3.78

 
89

 
8
Retail banking
 
5

 
9

 
10.55

 
57

 
3
Total consumer banking
 
57

 
42

 
3.93

 
86

 
8
Commercial Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
14

 
0

 
0.00

 
100

 
3
Total commercial lending
 
14

 
0

 
0.00

 
100

 
3
Small-ticket commercial real estate
 
1

 
0

 
0.00

 
0

 
0
Total commercial banking
 
15

 
0

 
0.00

 
98

 
3
Total
 
$
186

 
75

 
17.45

 
34

 
7
 
 
Total Loans Modified(1)
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Reduced Interest Rate
 
Term Extension
(Dollars in millions)
% of TDR Activity(2)
 
Average Rate Reduction
 
% of TDR Activity(2)
 
Average Term Extension (Months)
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic credit card
 
$
172

 
100
%
 
16.50
%
 
0
%
 
0
International card businesses
 
87

 
100

 
27.44

 
0

 
0
Total credit card
 
259

 
100

 
20.17

 
0

 
0
Consumer Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
124

 
41

 
3.81

 
90

 
7
Retail banking
 
6

 
10

 
10.91

 
61

 
3
Total consumer banking
 
130

 
39

 
3.90

 
89

 
7
Commercial Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and multifamily real estate
 
34

 
100

 
0.00

 
0

 
0
Commercial and industrial
 
35

 
0

 
0.00

 
40

 
1
Total commercial lending
 
69

 
49

 
0.00

 
20

 
1
Small-ticket commercial real estate
 
1

 
0

 
0.00

 
0

 
0
Total commercial banking
 
70

 
49

 
0.00

 
20

 
0
Total
 
$
459

 
75

 
15.78

 
28

 
6
__________
(1) 
Represents the recorded investment of total loans modified in TDRs at the end of the quarter in which they were modified. As not every modification type is included in the table above, the total percentage of TDR activity may not add up to 100%. Some loans may receive more than one type of concession as part of the modification.
(2) 
Due to multiple concessions granted to some troubled borrowers, percentages may total more than 100% for certain loan types.

 
 
96
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Subsequent Defaults of Completed TDR Modifications
The following table presents the type, number and recorded investment of loans modified in TDRs that experienced a default during the period and had completed a modification event in the twelve months prior to the default. A default occurs if the loan is either 90 days or more delinquent, has been charged off as of the end of the period presented or has been reclassified from accrual to nonaccrual status.
Table 3.7: TDRs—Subsequent Defaults
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Number of Contracts
 
Amount
 
Number of Contracts
 
Amount
 
Number of Contracts
 
Amount
 
Number of Contracts
 
Amount
Credit Card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic credit card
 
9,582

 
$
21

 
11,581

 
$
26

 
20,468

 
$
43

 
25,608

 
$
55

International card businesses
 
17,508

 
25

 
18,185

 
28

 
35,365

 
51

 
34,891

 
56

Total credit card
 
27,090

 
46

 
29,766

 
54

 
55,833

 
94

 
60,499

 
111

Consumer Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
860

 
11

 
1,312

 
16

 
2,135

 
27

 
2,417

 
29

Retail banking
 
3

 
0

 
4

 
1

 
4

 
0

 
12

 
1

Total consumer banking
 
863

 
11

 
1,316

 
17

 
2,139

 
27

 
2,429

 
30

Commercial Banking:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
1

 
21

 
0

 
0

 
7

 
49

 
0

 
0

Total commercial banking
 
1

 
21

 
0

 
0

 
7

 
49

 
0

 
0

Total
 
27,954

 
$
78

 
31,082

 
$
71

 
57,979

 
$
170

 
62,928

 
$
141


Loans Pledged
We pledged loan collateral of $15.7 billion and $14.6 billion to secure the majority of our FHLB borrowing capacity of $17.9 billion and $18.7 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We also pledged loan collateral of $28.2 billion and $6.7 billion to secure our Federal Reserve Discount Window borrowing capacity of $22.2 billion and $5.3 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. In addition to loans pledged, we securitized a portion of our credit card and auto loans. See “Note 5—Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations” for additional information.

 
 
97
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


NOTE 4—ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RESERVE FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS
In the first quarter of 2020, we adopted the CECL standard. Concurrent with our adoption of the CECL standard in the first quarter of 2020, we reclassified our finance charge and fee reserve to our allowance for credit losses, with a corresponding increase to credit card loans held for investment. Accordingly, our disclosures below reflect these adoption changes. Prior period presentation was not modified to conform to the current period presentation. See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information.
Our allowance for credit losses represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual terms of our loans held for investment as of each balance sheet date. Expected recoveries of amounts previously charged off or expected to be charged off are recognized within the allowance. When developing an estimate of expected credit losses, we use both quantitative and qualitative methods in considering all available information relevant to assessing collectability. This may include internal information, external information, or a combination of both relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Management will consider and may qualitatively adjust for conditions, changes, and trends in loan portfolios that may not be captured in modeled results. These adjustments are referred to as qualitative factors and represent management’s judgment of the imprecision and risks inherent in the processes and assumptions used in establishing the allowance for credit losses. Significant judgment is applied in our estimation of lifetime credit losses.
We have unfunded lending commitments in our Commercial Banking business that are not unconditionally cancellable by us and for which we estimate expected credit losses in establishing a reserve. This reserve is measured using the same measurement objectives as the allowance for loans held for investment. We build or release the reserve for unfunded lending commitments through the provision for credit losses in our consolidated statements of income and the related reserve for unfunded lending commitments is included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments Activity
The table below summarizes changes in the allowance for credit losses and reserve for unfunded lending commitments by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The allowance balance as of June 30, 2020 reflects the cumulative effects from adoption of the CECL standard and the change to include finance charge and fee reserve in the allowance for credit losses. The reserve for unfunded lending commitments balance as of June 30, 2020 also reflects the cumulative effects from adoption of the CECL standard, including the component of loss sharing agreements with the GSEs on multifamily commercial real estate loans that are within the scope of the CECL standard.
When developing an estimate of expected credit losses, we use both quantitative and qualitative methods in considering all available information relevant to assessing collectability. Management will consider and may make adjustments for qualitative factors, which represent management’s judgment of the imprecision and risks inherent in the processes and assumptions used in establishing the allowance for credit losses. Our allowance for credit losses increased by $9.6 billion to $16.8 billion as of June 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019, primarily driven by the allowance build from expectations of economic worsening and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the adoption of the CECL standard.

 
 
98
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Table 4.1: Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments Activity
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Total
Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of March 31, 2020
 
$
10,346

 
$
2,154

 
$
1,573

 
$
14,073

Charge-offs
 
(1,612
)
 
(416
)
 
(103
)
 
(2,131
)
Recoveries(1)
 
401

 
224

 
1

 
626

Net charge-offs
 
(1,211
)
 
(192
)
 
(102
)
 
(1,505
)
Provision for credit losses
 
2,944

 
876

 
432

 
4,252

Allowance build for credit losses
 
1,733

 
684

 
330

 
2,747

Other changes(2)
 
12

 
0

 
0

 
12

Balance as of June 30, 2020
 
12,091

 
2,838

 
1,903

 
16,832

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of March 31, 2020
 
0

 
0

 
223

 
223

Benefit for losses on unfunded lending commitments
 
0

 
0

 
(5
)
 
(5
)
Balance as of June 30, 2020
 
0

 
0

 
218

 
218

Combined allowance and reserve as of June 30, 2020
 
$
12,091

 
$
2,838

 
$
2,121

 
$
17,050

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Total
Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2019
 
$
5,395

 
$
1,038

 
$
775

 
$
7,208

Cumulative effects from adoption of the CECL standard
 
2,241

 
502

 
102

 
2,845

Finance charge and fee reserve reclassification(3)
 
462

 
0

 
0

 
462

Balance as of January 1, 2020
 
8,098

 
1,540

 
877

 
10,515

Charge-offs
 
(3,461
)
 
(912
)
 
(215
)
 
(4,588
)
Recoveries(1)
 
814

 
474

 
4

 
1,292

Net charge-offs
 
(2,647
)
 
(438
)
 
(211
)
 
(3,296
)
Provision for credit losses
 
6,646

 
1,736

 
1,237

 
9,619

Allowance build for credit losses
 
3,999

 
1,298

 
1,026

 
6,323

Other changes(2)
 
(6
)
 
0

 
0

 
(6
)
Balance as of June 30, 2020
 
12,091

 
2,838

 
1,903

 
16,832

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2019
 
0

 
5

 
130

 
135

Cumulative effects from adoption of the CECL standard
 
0

 
(5
)
 
42

 
37

Balance as of January 1, 2020
 
0

 
0

 
172

 
172

Provision for losses on unfunded lending commitments
 
0

 
0

 
46

 
46

Balance as of June 30, 2020
 
0

 
0

 
218

 
218

Combined allowance and reserve as of June 30, 2020
 
$
12,091

 
$
2,838

 
$
2,121

 
$
17,050


 
 
99
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of March 31, 2019
 
$
5,568

 
$
1,062

 
$
683

 
$
7,313

Charge-offs
 
(1,711
)
 
(423
)
 
(23
)
 
(2,157
)
Recoveries(1)
 
391

 
251

 
7

 
649

Net charge-offs
 
(1,320
)
 
(172
)
 
(16
)
 
(1,508
)
Provision for loan and lease losses
 
1,095

 
165

 
69

 
1,329

Allowance build (release) for loan and lease losses
 
(225
)
 
(7
)
 
53

 
(179
)
Other changes(2)
 
(1
)
 
0

 
0

 
(1
)
Balance as of June 30, 2019
 
5,342

 
1,055

 
736

 
7,133

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of March 31, 2019
 
0

 
4

 
127

 
131

Provision for losses on unfunded lending commitments
 
0

 
0

 
13

 
13

Balance as of June 30, 2019
 
0

 
4

 
140

 
144

Combined allowance and reserve as of June 30, 2019
 
$
5,342

 
$
1,059

 
$
876

 
$
7,277

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2018
 
$
5,535

 
$
1,048

 
$
637

 
$
7,220

Charge-offs
 
(3,493
)
 
(894
)
 
(43
)
 
(4,430
)
Recoveries(1)
 
809

 
501

 
13

 
1,323

Net charge-offs
 
(2,684
)
 
(393
)
 
(30
)
 
(3,107
)
Provision for loan and lease losses
 
2,484

 
400

 
129

 
3,013

Allowance build (release) for loan and lease losses
 
(200
)
 
7

 
99

 
(94
)
Other changes(2)
 
7

 
0

 
0

 
7

Balance as of June 30, 2019
 
5,342

 
1,055

 
736

 
7,133

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2018
 
0

 
4

 
118

 
122

Provision for losses on unfunded lending commitments
 
0

 
0

 
22

 
22

Balance as of June 30, 2019
 
0

 
4

 
140

 
144

Combined allowance and reserve as of June 30, 2019
 
$
5,342

 
$
1,059

 
$
876

 
$
7,277

________
(1) 
The amount and timing of recoveries is impacted by our collection strategies, which are based on customer behavior and risk profile and include direct customer communications, repossession of collateral, the periodic sale of charged off loans as well as additional strategies, such as litigation.
(2) 
Represents foreign currency translation adjustments.
(3) 
Concurrent with our adoption of the CECL standard in the first quarter of 2020, we reclassified our finance charge and fee reserve to our allowance for credit losses, with a corresponding increase to credit card loans held for investment.

 
 
100
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Credit Card Partnership Loss Sharing Arrangements
We have certain credit card partnership agreements that are presented within our consolidated financial statements on a net basis, in which our partner agrees to share a portion of the credit losses on the underlying loan portfolio. The expected reimbursements from these partners are netted against our allowance for credit losses. Our methodology for estimating reimbursements is consistent with the methodology we use to estimate the allowance for credit losses on our credit card loan receivables. These expected reimbursements result in reductions to net charge-offs and provision for credit losses. See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2019 Form 10-K for further discussion of our credit card partnership agreements.
The table below summarizes the changes in the estimated reimbursements from these partners for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
Table 4.2: Summary of Credit Card Partnership Loss Sharing Arrangements Impacts
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
Estimated reimbursements from partners, beginning of period
 
$
2,653

 
$
442

Amounts due from partners which reduced net charge-offs
 
(293
)
 
(105
)
Amounts estimated to be charged to partners which reduced provision for credit losses
 
73

 
77

Estimated reimbursements from partners, end of period
 
$
2,433

 
$
414

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
Estimated reimbursements from partners, beginning of period(1)
 
$
2,166

 
$
379

Amounts due from partners which reduced net charge-offs
 
(595
)
 
(213
)
Amounts estimated to be charged to partners which reduced provision for credit losses
 
862

 
248

Estimated reimbursements from partners, end of period
 
$
2,433

 
$
414

_________
(1) 
Includes effects from adoption of the CECL standard in the first quarter of 2020.

 
 
101
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


NOTE 5—VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES AND SECURITIZATIONS
In the normal course of business, we enter into various types of transactions with entities that are considered to be VIEs. Our primary involvement with VIEs has been related to our securitization transactions in which we transferred assets to securitization trusts. We have primarily securitized credit card and auto loans, which have provided a source of funding for us and enabled us to transfer a certain portion of the economic risk of the loans or related debt securities to third parties.
The entity that has a controlling financial interest in a VIE is referred to as the primary beneficiary and is required to consolidate the VIE. The majority of the VIEs in which we are involved have been consolidated in our financial statements.
Summary of Consolidated and Unconsolidated VIEs
The assets of our consolidated VIEs primarily consist of cash, loan receivables and the related allowance for credit losses, which we report on our consolidated balance sheets under restricted cash for securitization investors, loans held in consolidated trusts and allowance for credit losses, respectively. The assets of a particular VIE are the primary source of funds to settle its obligations. Creditors of these VIEs typically do not have recourse to our general credit. Liabilities primarily consist of debt securities issued by the VIEs, which we report under securitized debt obligations on our consolidated balance sheets. For unconsolidated VIEs, we present the carrying amount of assets and liabilities reflected on our consolidated balance sheets and our maximum exposure to loss. Our maximum exposure to loss is estimated based on the unlikely event that all of the assets in the VIEs become worthless and we are required to meet our maximum remaining funding obligations.
The tables below present a summary of VIEs in which we had continuing involvement or held a variable interest, aggregated based on VIEs with similar characteristics as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We separately present information for consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs.
Table 5.1: Carrying Amount of Consolidated and Unconsolidated VIEs
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
 
Consolidated
 
Unconsolidated
(Dollars in millions)
 
Carrying Amount of Assets
 
Carrying Amount of Liabilities
 
Carrying Amount of Assets
 
Carrying Amount of Liabilities
 
Maximum Exposure to Loss
Securitization-Related VIEs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card loan securitizations(1)
 
$
25,119

 
$
13,141

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

Auto loan securitizations
 
3,007

 
2,662

 
0

 
0

 
0

Home loan securitizations
 
0

 
0

 
56

 
0

 
319

Total securitization-related VIEs
 
28,126

 
15,803

 
56

 
0

 
319

Other VIEs:(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affordable housing entities
 
248

 
18

 
4,553

 
1,262

 
4,553

Entities that provide capital to low-income and rural communities
 
2,030

 
69

 
0

 
0

 
0

Other
 
0

 
0

 
476

 
0

 
476

Total other VIEs
 
2,278

 
87

 
5,029

 
1,262

 
5,029

Total VIEs
 
$
30,404

 
$
15,890

 
$
5,085

 
$
1,262

 
$
5,348


 
 
102
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Consolidated
 
Unconsolidated
(Dollars in millions)
 
Carrying Amount of Assets
 
Carrying Amount of Liabilities
 
Carrying Amount of Assets
 
Carrying Amount of Liabilities
 
Maximum Exposure to Loss
Securitization-Related VIEs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card loan securitizations(1)
 
$
31,112

 
$
16,113

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

Auto loan securitizations
 
2,282

 
2,012

 
0

 
0

 
0

Home loan securitizations
 
0

 
0

 
66

 
0

 
352

Total securitization-related VIEs
 
33,394

 
18,125

 
66

 
0

 
352

Other VIEs:(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affordable housing entities
 
236

 
7

 
4,559

 
1,289

 
4,559

Entities that provide capital to low-income and rural communities
 
1,889

 
69

 
0

 
0

 
0

Other
 
0

 
0

 
502

 
0

 
502

Total other VIEs
 
2,125

 
76

 
5,061

 
1,289

 
5,061

Total VIEs
 
$
35,519

 
$
18,201

 
$
5,127

 
$
1,289

 
$
5,413

__________
(1) 
Represents the carrying amount of assets and liabilities owned by the VIE, which includes the seller’s interest and repurchased notes held by other related parties.
(2) 
In certain investment structures, we consolidate a VIE which in turn holds as its primary asset an investment in an unconsolidated VIE. In these instances, we disclose the carrying amount of assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets as unconsolidated VIEs to avoid duplicating our exposure, as the unconsolidated VIEs are generally the operating entities generating the exposure. The carrying amount of assets and liabilities included in the unconsolidated VIE columns above related to these investment structures were $2.3 billion of assets and $652 million of liabilities as of June 30, 2020, and $2.3 billion of assets and $741 million of liabilities as of December 31, 2019.
Securitization-Related VIEs
In a securitization transaction, assets are transferred to a trust, which generally meets the definition of a VIE. We engage in securitization activities as an issuer and an investor. Our primary securitization issuance activity includes credit card and auto securitizations, conducted through securitization trusts which we consolidate. Our continuing involvement in these securitization transactions mainly consists of acting as the primary servicer and holding certain retained interests.
In our multifamily agency business, we originate multifamily commercial real estate loans and transfer them to securitization trusts of government-sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”). We retain the related Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) and service the transferred loans pursuant to the guidelines set forth by the GSEs. As an investor, we hold primarily RMBS and CMBS in our investment securities portfolio, which represent variable interests in the respective securitization trusts from which those securities were issued. We do not consolidate the securitization trusts employed in these transactions as we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these securitization trusts. Our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with these VIEs is the carrying value of MSRs and contractual obligations under loss sharing arrangements as well as investment securities on our consolidated balance sheets. See “Note 6—Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for information related to our MSRs associated with these securitizations and “Note 2—Investment Securities” for more information on the securities held in our investment securities portfolio. We exclude these VIEs from the tables within this note because we do not consider our continuing involvement with these VIEs to be significant as we either invest in securities issued by the VIE and were not involved in the design of the VIE or no transfers have occurred between the VIE and us. In addition, where we have certain lending arrangements in the normal course of business with entities that could be VIEs, we have also excluded these VIEs from the tables presented in this note. See “Note 3—Loans” for additional information regarding our lending arrangements in the normal course of business.

 
 
103
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


The table below presents our continuing involvement in certain securitization-related VIEs as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 5.2: Continuing Involvement in Securitization-Related VIEs
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Auto
 
Mortgages
June 30, 2020:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities held by third-party investors
 
$
13,102

 
$
2,659

 
$
872

Receivables in the trust
 
26,317

 
2,885

 
882

Cash balance of spread or reserve accounts
 
0

 
10

 
16

Retained interests
 
Yes

 
Yes

 
Yes

Servicing retained
 
Yes

 
Yes

 
No

December 31, 2019:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities held by third-party investors
 
$
15,798

 
$
2,010

 
$
962

Receivables in the trust
 
31,625

 
2,192

 
978

Cash balance of spread or reserve accounts
 
0

 
7

 
17

Retained interests
 
Yes

 
Yes

 
Yes

Servicing retained
 
Yes

 
Yes

 
No


Credit Card Securitizations
We securitize a portion of our credit card loans which provides a source of funding for us. Credit card securitizations involve the transfer of credit card receivables to securitization trusts. These trusts then issue debt securities collateralized by the transferred receivables to third-party investors. We hold certain retained interests in our credit card securitizations and continue to service the receivables in these trusts. We consolidate these trusts because we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary as we have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the trusts, and the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the trusts.
Auto Securitizations
Similar to our credit card securitizations, we securitize a portion of our auto loans which provides a source of funding for us. Auto securitization involves the transfer of auto loans to securitization trusts. These trusts then issue debt securities collateralized by the transferred loans to third-party investors. We hold certain retained interests and continue to service the loans in these trusts. We consolidate these trusts because we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary as we have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the trusts, and the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the trusts.
Mortgage Securitizations
We had previously securitized mortgage loans by transferring these loans to securitization trusts that had issued mortgage-backed securities to investors. These mortgage trusts consist of option-adjustable rate mortgage (“option-ARM”) securitizations and securitizations from our discontinued operations which include the mortgage origination operations of our wholesale mortgage banking unit, GreenPoint Mortgage Funding, Inc. (“GreenPoint”) and the manufactured housing operations of GreenPoint Credit, LLC, a subsidiary of GreenPoint (collectively “GreenPoint securitizations”). We retain rights to certain future cash flows arising from these securitizations. We do not consolidate the mortgage securitizations because we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the trusts, and the right to receive the benefits or the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the trusts.
Other VIEs
Affordable Housing Entities
As part of our community reinvestment initiatives, we invest in private investment funds that make equity investments in multifamily affordable housing properties. We receive affordable housing tax credits for these investments. The activities of these entities are

 
 
104
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


financed with a combination of invested equity capital and debt. We account for certain of our investments in qualified affordable housing projects using the proportional amortization method if certain criteria are met. The proportional amortization method amortizes the cost of the investment over the period in which the investor expects to receive tax credits and other tax benefits, and the resulting amortization is recognized as a component of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized amortization of $285 million and $279 million, respectively, and tax credits of $622 million and $355 million, respectively, associated with these investments within income tax provision or benefit. The carrying value of our equity investments in these qualified affordable housing projects was $4.5 billion and $4.4 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We are periodically required to provide additional financial or other support during the period of the investments. Our liability for these unfunded commitments was $1.5 billion as of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and is largely expected to be paid from 2020 to 2022.
For those investment funds considered to be VIEs, we are not required to consolidate them if we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of those entities. We record our interests in these unconsolidated VIEs in loans held for investment, other assets and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Our maximum exposure to these entities is limited to our variable interests in the entities which consisted of assets of approximately $4.6 billion as of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The creditors of the VIEs have no recourse to our general credit and we do not provide additional financial or other support other than during the period that we are contractually required to provide it. The total assets of the unconsolidated VIE investment funds were approximately $10.8 billion and $10.9 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Entities that Provide Capital to Low-Income and Rural Communities
We hold variable interests in entities (“Investor Entities”) that invest in community development entities (“CDEs”) that provide debt financing to businesses and non-profit entities in low-income and rural communities. Variable interests in the CDEs held by the consolidated Investor Entities are also our variable interests. The activities of the Investor Entities are financed with a combination of invested equity capital and debt. The activities of the CDEs are financed solely with invested equity capital. We receive federal and state tax credits for these investments. We consolidate the VIEs in which we have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and where we have the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits that could be potentially significant to the VIE. We consolidate other investments and CDEs that are not considered to be VIEs, but where we hold a controlling financial interest. The assets of the VIEs that we consolidated, which totaled approximately $2.0 billion and $1.9 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, are reflected on our consolidated balance sheets in cash, loans held for investment, and other assets. The liabilities are reflected in other liabilities. The creditors of the VIEs have no recourse to our general credit. We have not provided additional financial or other support other than during the period that we are contractually required to provide it.
Other
We hold variable interests in other VIEs, including companies that promote renewable energy sources and other equity method investments. We were not required to consolidate these VIEs because we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance. Our maximum exposure to these VIEs is limited to the investments on our consolidated balance sheets of $476 million and $502 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The creditors of the other VIEs have no recourse to our general credit. We have not provided additional financial or other support other than during the period that we are contractually required to provide it.

 
 
105
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


NOTE 6—GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The table below presents our goodwill, intangible assets and MSRs as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Goodwill is presented separately, while intangible assets and MSRs are included in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
Table 6.1: Components of Goodwill, Intangible Assets and MSRs
 
 
June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Carrying Amount of Assets
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
Goodwill
 
$
14,645

 
N/A

 
$
14,645

Intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchased credit card relationship (“PCCR”) intangibles
 
1,932

 
$
(1,887
)
 
45

Other(1)
 
249

 
(154
)
 
95

Total intangible assets
 
2,181

 
(2,041
)
 
140

Total goodwill and intangible assets
 
$
16,826

 
$
(2,041
)
 
$
14,785

Commercial MSRs(2)
 
$
611

 
$
(289
)
 
$
322

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Carrying Amount of Assets
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
Goodwill
 
$
14,653

 
N/A

 
$
14,653

Intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
PCCR intangibles
 
1,932

 
$
(1,864
)
 
68

Other(1)
 
246

 
(140
)
 
106

Total intangible assets
 
2,178

 
(2,004
)
 
174

Total goodwill and intangible assets
 
$
16,831

 
$
(2,004
)
 
$
14,827

Commercial MSRs(2)
 
$
555

 
$
(255
)
 
$
300

__________
(1) 
Primarily consists of intangibles for sponsorship, customer and merchant relationships, partnership, trade name and other contract intangibles.
(2) 
Commercial MSRs are accounted for under the amortization method on our consolidated balance sheets.
Amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets, which is presented separately in our consolidated statements of income, totaled $16 million and $38 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and $29 million and $59 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
Goodwill
The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by each of our business segments as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 6.2: Goodwill by Business Segments
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit
Card
 
Consumer
Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019
 
$
5,088

 
$
4,645

 
$
4,920

 
$
14,653

Other adjustments(1)
 
(8
)
 
0

 
0

 
(8
)
Balance as of June 30, 2020
 
$
5,080

 
$
4,645

 
$
4,920

 
$
14,645

__________
(1) 
Represents foreign currency translation adjustments and measurement period adjustments on prior period acquisitions.
 


 
 
106
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


NOTE 7—DEPOSITS AND BORROWINGS
Our deposits represent our largest source of funding for our assets and operations, which include checking accounts, money market deposits, negotiable order of withdrawals, savings deposits and time deposits. We also use a variety of other funding sources including short-term borrowings, senior and subordinated notes, securitized debt obligations and other borrowings. In addition, we utilize FHLB advances, which are secured by certain portions of our loan and investment securities portfolios. Securitized debt obligations are presented separately on our consolidated balance sheets, as they represent obligations of consolidated securitization trusts, while federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, senior and subordinated notes and other borrowings, including FHLB advances, are included in other debt on our consolidated balance sheets.
Our total short-term borrowings generally consist of federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase and short-term FHLB advances. Our long-term debt consists of borrowings with an original contractual maturity of greater than one year. The following tables summarize the components of our deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term debt as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The carrying value presented below for these borrowings includes unamortized debt premiums and discounts, net of debt issuance costs and fair value hedge accounting adjustments.
Table 7.1: Components of Deposits, Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt
(Dollars in millions)
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
Non-interest-bearing deposits
 
$
29,055

 
$
23,488

Interest-bearing deposits(1)
 
275,183

 
239,209

Total deposits
 
$
304,238

 
$
262,697

Short-term borrowings:
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase
 
$
573

 
$
314

FHLB advances
 
0

 
7,000

Total short-term borrowings
 
$
573

 
$
7,314

 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31,
2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Maturity Dates
 
Stated Interest Rates
 
Weighted-Average Interest Rate
 
Carrying Value
 
Carrying Value
Long-term debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securitized debt obligations
 
2020-2026
 
0.53% - 3.01%
 
1.77
%
 
$
15,761

 
$
17,808

Senior and subordinated notes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed unsecured senior debt(2)
 
2020-2029
 
0.80 - 4.75
 
2.81

 
21,701

 
23,302

Floating unsecured senior debt
 
2020-2023
 
0.81 - 1.91
 
1.01

 
2,008

 
2,695

Total unsecured senior debt
 
2.65

 
23,709

 
25,997

Fixed unsecured subordinated debt
 
2023-2026
 
3.38 - 4.20
 
3.78

 
4,772

 
4,475

Total senior and subordinated notes
 
28,481

 
30,472

Other long-term borrowings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finance lease liabilities
 
2020-2031
 
1.63 - 9.91
 
3.71

 
85

 
103

Total other long-term borrowings
 
85

 
103

Total long-term debt
 
$
44,327

 
$
48,383

Total short-term borrowings and long-term debt
 
$
44,900

 
$
55,697

__________
(1) 
Includes $5.9 billion and $6.5 billion of time deposits in denominations in excess of the $250,000 federal insurance limit as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(2) 
Includes $1.4 billion of EUR-denominated unsecured notes as of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

 
 
107
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


NOTE 8—DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
Use of Derivatives and Accounting for Derivatives
We regularly enter into derivative transactions to support our overall risk management activities. Our primary market risks stem from the impact on our earnings and economic value of equity due to changes in interest rates and, to a lesser extent, changes in foreign exchange rates. We manage our interest rate sensitivity by employing several techniques, which include changing the duration and re-pricing characteristics of various assets and liabilities by using interest rate derivatives. We also use foreign currency derivatives to limit our earnings and capital exposures to foreign exchange risk by hedging exposures denominated in foreign currencies. We primarily use interest rate and foreign currency derivatives to hedge, but we may also use a variety of other derivative instruments, including caps, floors, options, futures and forward contracts, to manage our interest rate and foreign exchange risks. We designate these risk management derivatives as either qualifying accounting hedges or free-standing derivatives. Qualifying accounting hedges are further designated as fair value hedges, cash flow hedges or net investment hedges. Free-standing derivatives are economic hedges that do not qualify for hedge accounting.
We also offer interest rate, commodity, foreign currency derivatives and other contracts as an accommodation to our customers within our Commercial Banking business. We enter into these derivatives with our customers primarily to help them manage their interest rate risks, hedge their energy and other commodities exposures, and manage foreign currency fluctuations. We then enter into derivative contracts with counterparties to economically hedge substantially all of our subsequent exposures.
See below for additional information on our use of derivatives and how we account for them:
•
Fair Value Hedges: We designate derivatives as fair value hedges when they are used to manage our exposure to changes in the fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities, which fluctuate in value as a result of movements in interest rates. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as fair value hedges are presented in the same line item on our consolidated statements of income as the earnings effect of the hedged items. Our fair value hedges primarily consist of interest rate swaps that are intended to modify our exposure to interest rate risk on various fixed-rate financial assets and liabilities.
•
Cash Flow Hedges: We designate derivatives as cash flow hedges when they are used to manage our exposure to variability in cash flows related to forecasted transactions. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded as a component of AOCI. Those amounts are reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the forecasted transactions impact earnings and presented in the same line item on our consolidated statements of income as the earnings effect of the hedged items. Our cash flow hedges use interest rate swaps and floors that are intended to hedge the variability in interest receipts or interest payments on some of our variable-rate financial assets or liabilities. We also enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge our exposure to variability in cash flows related to intercompany borrowings denominated in foreign currencies.
•
Net Investment Hedges: We use net investment hedges to manage the foreign currency exposure related to our net investments in foreign operations that have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Changes in the fair value of net investment hedges are recorded in the translation adjustment component of AOCI, offsetting the translation gain or loss from those foreign operations. We execute net investment hedges using foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the translation exposure of the net investment in our foreign operations under the forward method.
•
Free-Standing Derivatives: Our free-standing derivatives primarily consist of our customer accommodation derivatives and other economic hedges. The customer accommodation derivatives and the related offsetting contracts are mainly interest rate, commodity and foreign currency contracts. The other free-standing derivatives are primarily used to economically hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of our commercial mortgage loan origination and purchase commitments as well as other interests held. Changes in the fair value of free-standing derivatives are recorded in earnings as a component of other non-interest income.

 
 
108
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Derivatives Counterparty Credit Risk
Counterparty Types
Derivative instruments contain an element of credit risk that arises from the potential failure of a counterparty to perform according to the terms of the contract, including making payments due upon maturity of certain derivative instruments. We execute our derivative contracts primarily in over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets. We also execute interest rate and commodity futures in the exchange-traded derivative markets. Our OTC derivatives consist of both trades cleared through central counterparty clearinghouses (“CCPs”) and uncleared bilateral contracts. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) and the LCH Group (“LCH”) are our CCPs in our centrally cleared contracts. In our uncleared bilateral contracts, we enter into agreements directly with our derivative counterparties.
Counterparty Credit Risk Management
We manage the counterparty credit risk associated with derivative instruments by entering into legally enforceable master netting arrangements, where possible, and exchanging collateral with our counterparties, typically in the form of cash or high-quality liquid securities. The amount of collateral exchanged is dependent upon the fair value of the derivative instruments as well as the fair value of the pledged collateral. When valuing collateral, an estimate of the variation in price and liquidity over time is subtracted in the form of a “haircut” to discount the value of the collateral pledged. Our exposure to derivative counterparty credit risk, at any point in time, is equal to the amount reported as a derivative asset on our balance sheet. The fair value of our derivatives is adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and any associated cash collateral received or pledged. See Table 8.3 for our net exposure associated with derivatives.
The terms under which we collateralize our exposures differ between cleared exposures and uncleared bilateral exposures.
•
CCPs: We clear eligible OTC derivatives with CCPs as part of our regulatory requirements. Futures commission merchants (“FCMs”) serve as the intermediary between CCPs and us. CCPs require that we post initial and variation margin through our FCMs to mitigate the risk of non-payment or default. Initial margin is required upfront by CCPs as collateral against potential losses on our cleared derivative contracts and variation margin is exchanged on a daily basis to account for mark-to-market changes in those derivative contracts. For CME and LCH-cleared OTC derivatives, we characterize variation margin cash payments as settlements. Our FCM agreements governing these derivative transactions include provisions that may require us to post additional collateral under certain circumstances.
•
Bilateral Counterparties: We enter into legally enforceable master netting agreements and collateral agreements, where possible, with bilateral derivative counterparties to mitigate the risk of default. We review our collateral positions on a daily basis and exchange collateral with our counterparties in accordance with these agreements. These bilateral agreements typically provide the right to offset exposure with the same counterparty and require the party in a net liability position to post collateral. Agreements with certain bilateral counterparties require both parties to maintain collateral in the event the fair values of derivative instruments exceed established exposure thresholds. Certain of these bilateral agreements include provisions requiring that our debt maintain a credit rating of investment grade or above by each of the major credit rating agencies. In the event of a downgrade of our debt credit rating below investment grade, some of our counterparties would have the right to terminate their derivative contract and close out existing positions.
Credit Risk Valuation Adjustments
We record counterparty credit valuation adjustments (“CVAs”) on our derivative assets to reflect the credit quality of our counterparties. We consider collateral and legally enforceable master netting agreements that mitigate our credit exposure to each counterparty in determining CVAs, which may be adjusted due to changes in the fair values of the derivative contracts, collateral, and creditworthiness of the counterparty. We also record debit valuation adjustments (“DVAs”) to adjust the fair values of our derivative liabilities to reflect the impact of our own credit quality.

 
 
109
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Balance Sheet Presentation
The following table summarizes the notional amounts and fair values of our derivative instruments as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which are segregated by derivatives that are designated as accounting hedges and those that are not, and are further segregated by type of contract within those two categories. The total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and any associated cash collateral received or pledged. Derivative assets and liabilities are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets, and their related gains or losses are included in operating activities as changes in other assets and other liabilities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Table 8.1: Derivative Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Notional or Contractual Amount
 
Derivative(1)
 
Notional or Contractual Amount
 
Derivative(1)
(Dollars in millions)
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value hedges
 
$
48,761

 
$
3

 
$
20

 
$
57,587

 
$
11

 
$
55

Cash flow hedges
 
114,600

 
1,002

 
13

 
96,900

 
321

 
29

Total interest rate contracts
 
163,361

 
1,005

 
33

 
154,487

 
332

 
84

Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value hedges
 
1,404

 
20

 
0

 
1,402

 
0

 
6

Cash flow hedges
 
4,639

 
50

 
63

 
6,103

 
0

 
113

Net investment hedges
 
2,596

 
27

 
14

 
2,829

 
0

 
102

Total foreign exchange contracts
 
8,639

 
97

 
77

 
10,334

 
0

 
221

Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges
 
172,000

 
1,102

 
110

 
164,821

 
332

 
305

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer accommodation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
 
68,707

 
1,721

 
224

 
62,268

 
552

 
117

Commodity contracts
 
17,384

 
1,876

 
1,739

 
15,492

 
758

 
694

Foreign exchange and other contracts
 
3,816

 
48

 
52

 
4,674

 
39

 
42

Total customer accommodation
 
89,907

 
3,645

 
2,015

 
82,434

 
1,349

 
853

Other interest rate exposures(2)
 
6,263

 
87

 
81

 
6,729

 
48

 
30

Other contracts
 
1,614

 
1

 
8

 
1,562

 
0

 
9

Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges
 
97,784

 
3,733

 
2,104

 
90,725

 
1,397

 
892

Total derivatives
 
$
269,784

 
$
4,835

 
$
2,214

 
$
255,546

 
$
1,729

 
$
1,197

Less: netting adjustment(3)
 
(2,226
)
 
(754
)
 
 
 
(633
)
 
(523
)
Total derivative assets/liabilities
 
$
2,609

 
$
1,460

 
 
 
$
1,096

 
$
674

__________
(1) 
Does not reflect $33 million and $12 million recognized as a net valuation allowance on derivative assets and liabilities for non-performance risk as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Non-performance risk is included in derivative assets and liabilities, which are part of other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, and is offset through non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
(2) 
Other interest rate exposures include commercial mortgage-related derivatives and interest rate swaps.
(3) 
Represents balance sheet netting of derivative assets and liabilities, and related payables and receivables for cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparty.

 
 
110
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


The following table summarizes the carrying value of our hedged assets and liabilities in fair value hedges and the associated cumulative basis adjustments included in those carrying values, excluding basis adjustments related to foreign currency risk, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 8.2: Hedged Items in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Carrying Amount Assets/(Liabilities)
 
Cumulative Amount of Basis Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount
 
Carrying Amount Assets/(Liabilities)
 
Cumulative Amount of Basis Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
Total
Assets/(Liabilities)
 
Discontinued-Hedging Relationships
 
 
Total
Assets/(Liabilities)
 
Discontinued-Hedging Relationships
Line item on our consolidated balance sheets in which the hedged item is included:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale(1)(2)
 
$
4,858

 
$
660

 
$
212

 
$
10,825

 
$
300

 
$
52

Interest-bearing deposits
 
(14,851
)
 
(306
)
 
0

 
(14,310
)
 
(12
)
 
0

Securitized debt obligations
 
(10,011
)
 
(248
)
 
42

 
(9,403
)
 
44

 
64

Senior and subordinated notes
 
(22,620
)
 
(1,533
)
 
(732
)
 
(27,777
)
 
(458
)
 
324

__________
(1) 
These amounts include the amortized cost basis of our investment securities designated in hedging relationships for which the hedged item is the last layer expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationship. In the second quarter of 2020, we terminated all last of layer hedging relationships with cumulative basis adjustment totaling $212 million as of June 30, 2020. As of December 31, 2019, the amortized cost basis of this portfolio was $5.9 billion, the amount of the designated hedged items was $3.1 billion, and the cumulative basis adjustment associated with these hedges was $75 million.
(2) 
Carrying value represents amortized cost.
Balance Sheet Offsetting of Financial Assets and Liabilities
Derivative contracts and repurchase agreements that we execute bilaterally in the OTC market are generally governed by enforceable master netting arrangements where we generally have the right to offset exposure with the same counterparty. Either counterparty can generally request to net settle all contracts through a single payment upon default on, or termination of, any one contract. We elect to offset the derivative assets and liabilities under master netting arrangements for balance sheet presentation where a right of setoff exists. For derivative contracts entered into under master netting arrangements for which we have not been able to confirm the enforceability of the setoff rights, or those not subject to master netting arrangements, we do not offset our derivative positions for balance sheet presentation.
The following table presents the gross and net fair values of our derivative assets, derivative liabilities, resale and repurchase agreements and the related offsetting amounts permitted under U.S. GAAP as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The table also includes cash and non-cash collateral received or pledged in accordance with such arrangements. The amount of collateral presented, however, is limited to the amount of the related net derivative fair values or outstanding balances; therefore, instances of over-collateralization are excluded.

 
 
111
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Table 8.3: Offsetting of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
 
 
Gross Amounts
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet
 
Net Amounts as Recognized
 
Securities Collateral Held Under Master Netting Agreements
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Received
 
 
 
Net Exposure
As of June 30, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets(1)
 
$
4,835

 
$
(702
)
 
$
(1,524
)
 
$
2,609

 
$
0

 
$
2,609

As of December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets(1)
 
1,729

 
(347
)
 
(286
)
 
1,096

 
0

 
1,096

 
 
Gross Amounts
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet
 
Net Amounts as Recognized
 
Securities Collateral Pledged Under Master Netting Agreements
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Pledged
 
 
 
Net Exposure
As of June 30, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities(1)
 
$
2,214

 
$
(702
)
 
$
(52
)
 
$
1,460

 
$
0

 
$
1,460

Repurchase agreements(2)
 
573

 
0

 
0

 
573

 
(573
)
 
0

As of December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities(1)
 
1,197

 
(347
)
 
(176
)
 
674

 
0

 
674

Repurchase agreements(2)
 
314

 
0

 
0

 
314

 
(314
)
 
0

__________
(1) 
We received cash collateral from derivative counterparties totaling $1.7 billion and $347 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We also received securities from derivative counterparties with a fair value of approximately $1 million as of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which we have the ability to re-pledge. We posted $1.3 billion and $954 million of cash collateral as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(2) 
Under our customer repurchase agreements, which mature the next business day, we pledged collateral with a fair value of $584 million and $320 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, primarily consisting of agency RMBS securities.
Income Statement and AOCI Presentation
Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedges
The net gains (losses) recognized in our consolidated statements of income related to derivatives in fair value and cash flow hedging relationships are presented below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

 
 
112
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Table 8.4: Effects of Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedge Accounting
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
 
Net Interest Income
 
Non-Interest Income
(Dollars in millions)
 
Investment Securities
 
Loans, Including Loans Held for Sale
 
Other
 
Interest-bearing Deposits
 
Securitized Debt Obligations
 
Senior and Subordinated Notes
 
Other
Total amounts presented in our consolidated statements of income
 
$
482

 
$
5,820

 
$
16

 
$
(611
)
 
$
(56
)
 
$
(180
)
 
$
166

Fair value hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate and foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest recognized on derivatives
 
$
(17
)
 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
27

 
$
40

 
$
71

 
$
0

Gains (losses) recognized on derivatives
 
(26
)
 
0

 
0

 
9

 
(13
)
 
61

 
26

Gains (losses) recognized on hedged items(1)
 
22

 
0

 
0

 
(10
)
 
0

 
(68
)
 
(26
)
Excluded component of fair value hedges(2)
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

Net expense recognized on fair value hedges
 
$
(21
)
 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
26

 
$
27

 
$
64

 
$
0

Cash flow hedging relationships:(3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized losses reclassified from AOCI into net income
 
$
7

 
$
135

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gains reclassified from AOCI into net income(4)
 
0

 
0

 
2

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(2
)
Net income (expense) recognized on cash flow hedges
 
$
7

 
$
135

 
$
2

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
(2
)

 
 
113
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
 
Net Interest Income
 
Non-Interest Income
(Dollars in millions)
 
Investment Securities
 
Loans, Including Loans Held for Sale
 
Other
 
Interest-bearing Deposits
 
Securitized Debt Obligations
 
Senior and Subordinated Notes
 
Other
Total amounts presented in our consolidated statements of income
 
$
1,012

 
$
12,362

 
$
53

 
$
(1,342
)
 
$
(155
)
 
$
(419
)
 
$
311

Fair value hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate and foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest recognized on derivatives
 
$
(28
)
 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
25

 
$
52

 
$
110

 
$
0

Gains (losses) recognized on derivatives
 
(364
)
 
0

 
0

 
296

 
269

 
1,129

 
3

Gains (losses) recognized on hedged items(1)
 
360

 
0

 
0

 
(296
)
 
(292
)
 
(1,159
)
 
(3
)
Excluded component of fair value hedges(2)
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(1
)
 
0

Net income (expense) recognized on fair value hedges
 
$
(32
)
 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
25

 
$
29

 
$
79

 
$
0

Cash flow hedging relationships:(3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gains reclassified from AOCI into net income
 
$
9

 
$
159

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gains reclassified from AOCI into net income(4)
 
0

 
0

 
9

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(2
)
Net income recognized on cash flow hedges
 
$
9

 
$
159

 
$
9

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
(2
)

 
 
114
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
Net Interest Income
 
Non-Interest Income
(Dollars in millions)
 
Investment Securities
 
Loans, Including Loans Held for Sale
 
Other
 
Interest-bearing Deposits
 
Securitized Debt Obligations
 
Senior and Subordinated Notes
 
Other
Total amounts presented in our consolidated statements of income
 
$
629

 
$
6,383

 
$
64

 
$
(870
)
 
$
(139
)
 
$
(310
)
 
$
191

Fair value hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest recognized on derivatives
 
$
(1
)
 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
(33
)
 
$
(6
)
 
$
(10
)
 
$
0

Gains (losses) recognized on derivatives
 
(175
)
 
0

 
0

 
154

 
79

 
471

 
11

Gains (losses) recognized on hedged items(1)
 
174

 
0

 
0

 
(151
)
 
(102
)
 
(511
)
 
(10
)
Net income (expense) recognized on fair value hedges
 
$
(2
)
 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
(30
)
 
$
(29
)
 
$
(50
)
 
$
1

Cash flow hedging relationships:(3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized losses reclassified from AOCI into net income
 
$
(3
)
 
$
(59
)
 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into net income(4)
 
0

 
0

 
13

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(1
)
Net income (expense) recognized on cash flow hedges
 
$
(3
)
 
$
(59
)
 
$
13

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
(1
)

 
 
115
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
Net Interest Income
 
Non-Interest Income
(Dollars in millions)
 
Investment Securities
 
Loans, Including Loans Held for Sale
 
Other
 
Interest-bearing Deposits
 
Securitized Debt Obligations
 
Senior and Subordinated Notes
 
Other
Total amounts presented in our consolidated statements of income
 
$
1,284

 
$
12,751

 
$
133

 
$
(1,687
)
 
$
(282
)
 
$
(624
)
 
$
348

Fair value hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest recognized on derivatives
 
$
1

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
(69
)
 
$
(12
)
 
$
(21
)
 
$
0

Gains (losses) recognized on derivatives
 
(286
)
 
0

 
0

 
249

 
112

 
752

 
11

Gains (losses) recognized on hedged items(1)
 
284

 
0

 
0

 
(243
)
 
(159
)
 
(831
)
 
(10
)
Net income (expense) recognized on fair value hedges
 
$
(1
)
 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
(63
)
 
$
(59
)
 
$
(100
)
 
$
1

Cash flow hedging relationships:(3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized losses reclassified from AOCI into net income
 
$
(7
)
 
$
(115
)
 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into net income(4)
 
0

 
0

 
25

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(1
)
Net income (expense) recognized on cash flow hedges
 
$
(7
)
 
$
(115
)
 
$
25

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
(1
)
__________
(1) 
Includes amortization expense of $17 million and $53 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and amortization expense of $56 million and $117 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, related to basis adjustments on discontinued hedges.
(2) 
Changes in fair values of cross-currency swaps attributable to changes in cross-currency basis spreads are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recorded in other comprehensive income. The initial value of the excluded component is recognized in earnings over the life of the swap under the amortization approach.
(3) 
See “Note 9—Stockholders’ Equity” for the effects of cash flow and net investment hedges on AOCI and amounts reclassified to net income, net of tax.
(4) 
We recognized a loss of $299 million and a gain of $93 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and a loss of $123 million and $295 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, on foreign exchange contracts reclassified from AOCI. These amounts were largely offset by the foreign currency transaction gains (losses) on our foreign currency denominated intercompany funding included other non-interest income.
In the next 12 months, we expect to reclassify to earnings net after-tax gains of $649 million recorded in AOCI as of June 30, 2020. These amounts will offset the cash flows associated with the hedged forecasted transactions. The maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions were hedged was approximately 7 years as of June 30, 2020. The amount we expect to reclassify into earnings may change as a result of changes in market conditions and ongoing actions taken as part of our overall risk management strategy.

 
 
116
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Free-Standing Derivatives
The net impacts to our consolidated statements of income related to free-standing derivatives are presented below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. These gains or losses are recognized in other non-interest income in our consolidated statements of income.
Table 8.5: Gains (Losses) on Free-Standing Derivatives
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Gains (losses) recognized in other non-interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer accommodation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
 
$
(1
)
 
$
4

 
$
12

 
$
10

Commodity contracts
 
(1
)
 
7

 
16

 
9

Foreign exchange and other contracts
 
1

 
4

 
4

 
7

Total customer accommodation
 
(1
)
 
15

 
32

 
26

Other interest rate exposures
 
(34
)
 
(14
)
 
(16
)
 
(14
)
Other contracts
 
1

 
0

 
0

 
(2
)
Total
 
$
(34
)
 
$
1

 
$
16

 
$
10





 
 
117
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


NOTE 9—STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred Stock
The following table summarizes our preferred stock outstanding as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 9.1: Preferred Stock Outstanding(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable by Issuer Beginning
 
Per Annum Dividend Rate
 
Dividend Frequency
 
Liquidation Preference per Share
 
Total Shares Outstanding
as of
June 30, 2020
 
Carrying Value
(in millions)
Series
 
Description
 
Issuance Date
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Series B(2)
 
6.00%
Non-Cumulative
 
August 20, 2012
 
September 1, 2017
 
6.00%
 
Quarterly
 
$
1,000

 
0

 
$
0

 
$
853

Series E
 
Fixed-to-Floating Rate
Non-Cumulative
 
May 14, 2015
 
June 1, 2020
 
5.55% through 5/31/2020;
3-mo. LIBOR+ 380 bps thereafter
 
Semi-Annually through 5/31/2020; Quarterly thereafter
 
1,000

 
1,000,000

 
988

 
988

Series F
 
6.20%
Non-Cumulative
 
August 24, 2015
 
December 1, 2020
 
6.20
 
Quarterly
 
1,000

 
500,000

 
484

 
484

Series G
 
5.20%
Non-Cumulative
 
July 29, 2016
 
December 1, 2021
 
5.20
 
Quarterly
 
1,000

 
600,000

 
583

 
583

Series H
 
6.00%
Non-Cumulative
 
November 29, 2016
 
December 1, 2021
 
6.00
 
Quarterly
 
1,000

 
500,000

 
483

 
483

Series I
 
5.00%
Non-Cumulative

September 11, 2019
 
December 1, 2024
 
5.00
 
Quarterly
 
1,000

 
1,500,000

 
1,462

 
1,462

Series J
 
4.80%
Non-Cumulative
 
January 31, 2020
 
June 1, 2025
 
4.80
 
Quarterly
 
1,000

 
1,250,000

 
1,209

 
0

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
5,209

 
$
4,853

__________
(1) 
Except for Series E, ownership is held in the form of depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of fixed-rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock.
(2) 
On March 2, 2020, we redeemed all outstanding shares of our preferred stock Series B.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Accumulated other comprehensive income primarily consists of accumulated net unrealized gains associated with securities available for sale, changes in fair value of derivatives in hedging relationships, and foreign currency translation adjustments.
The following table includes the AOCI impacts from the adoption of the CECL standard and the changes in AOCI by component for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
Table 9.2: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Securities Available for Sale
 
Hedging Relationships(1)
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments(2)
 
Other
 
Total
AOCI as of March 31, 2020
 
$
2,151

 
$
1,728

 
$
(174
)
 
$
(26
)
 
$
3,679

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
222

 
(60
)
 
23

 
0

 
185

Amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings
 
0

 
117

 
0

 
0

 
117

Other comprehensive income, net of tax
 
222

 
57

 
23

 
0

 
302

AOCI as of June 30, 2020
 
$
2,373

 
$
1,785

 
$
(151
)
 
$
(26
)
 
$
3,981


 
 
118
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Securities Available for Sale
 
Hedging Relationships(1)
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments(2)
 
Other
 
Total
AOCI as of December 31, 2019
 
$
935

 
$
354

 
$
(107
)
 
$
(26
)
 
$
1,156

Cumulative effects from the adoption of the CECL standard
 
(8
)
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(8
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
1,446

 
1,635

 
(44
)
 
0

 
3,037

Amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings
 
0

 
(204
)
 
0

 
0

 
(204
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
1,446

 
1,431

 
(44
)
 
0

 
2,833

AOCI as of June 30, 2020
 
$
2,373


$
1,785


$
(151
)

$
(26
)

$
3,981


 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Securities Available for Sale
 
Hedging Relationships(1)
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments(2)
 
Securities Held to Maturity
 
Other
 
Total
AOCI as of March 31, 2019
 
$
(147
)
 
$
(141
)
 
$
(147
)
 
$
(184
)
 
$
(41
)
 
$
(660
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 
284

 
406

 
15

 
0

 
0

 
705

Amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings
 
(12
)
 
131

 
0

 
6

 
0

 
125

Other comprehensive income, net of tax
 
272

 
537

 
15

 
6

 
0

 
830

AOCI as of June 30, 2019
 
$
125

 
$
396

 
$
(132
)
 
$
(178
)
 
$
(41
)
 
$
170

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Securities Available for Sale
 
Hedging Relationships(1)
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments(2)
 
Securities Held to Maturity
 
Other
 
Total
AOCI as of December 31, 2018
 
$
(439
)
 
$
(418
)
 
$
(177
)
 
$
(190
)
 
$
(39
)
 
$
(1,263
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
594

 
517

 
45

 
0

 
(1
)
 
1,155

Amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings
 
(30
)
 
297

 
0

 
12

 
(1
)
 
278

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
564

 
814

 
45

 
12

 
(2
)
 
1,433

AOCI as of June 30, 2019
 
$
125

 
$
396

 
$
(132
)
 
$
(178
)
 
$
(41
)
 
$
170

_________
(1) 
Includes amounts related to cash flow hedges as well as the excluded component of cross-currency swaps designated as fair value hedges.
(2) 
Includes other comprehensive loss of $8 million and gain of $134 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and other comprehensive gains of $53 million and $19 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, from hedging instruments designated as net investment hedges.

 
 
119
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


The following table presents amounts reclassified from each component of AOCI to our consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
Table 9.3: Reclassifications from AOCI
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
AOCI Components
 
Affected Income Statement Line Item
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-interest income
 
$
0

 
$
15

 
$
0

 
$
39

 
 
Income tax provision
 
0

 
3

 
0

 
9

 
 
Net income
 
0

 
12

 
0

 
30

Hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
Interest income
 
142

 
(62
)
 
168

 
(122
)
Foreign exchange contracts:
 
Interest income
 
2

 
13

 
9

 
25

 
 
Interest expense
 
(1
)
 
0

 
(2
)
 
0

 
 
Non-interest income
 
(299
)
 
(123
)
 
93

 
(295
)
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
 
(156
)
 
(172
)
 
268

 
(392
)
 
 
Income tax provision (benefit)
 
(39
)
 
(41
)
 
64

 
(95
)
 
 
Net income (loss)
 
(117
)
 
(131
)
 
204

 
(297
)
Securities held to maturity:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
 
0

 
(8
)
 
0

 
(16
)
 
 
Income tax provision (benefit)
 
0

 
(2
)
 
0

 
(4
)
 
 
Net income (loss)
 
0

 
(6
)
 
0

 
(12
)
Other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-interest income and non-interest expense
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
1

 
 
Income tax provision
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
 
Net income
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
1

Total reclassifications
 
$
(117
)
 
$
(125
)
 
$
204

 
$
(278
)
__________
(1) 
On December 31, 2019, we transferred our entire portfolio of held to maturity securities to available for sale.

 
 
120
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


The table below summarizes other comprehensive income activity and the related tax impact for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
Table 9.4: Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Before
Tax
 
Provision
(Benefit)
 
After
Tax
 
Before
Tax
 
Provision
(Benefit)
 
After
Tax
Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains on securities available for sale
 
$
292

 
$
70

 
$
222

 
$
358

 
$
86

 
$
272

Net unrealized gains on hedging relationships
 
76

 
19

 
57

 
708

 
171

 
537

Foreign currency translation adjustments(1)
 
20

 
(3
)
 
23

 
33

 
18

 
15

Net changes in securities held to maturity
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
9

 
3

 
6

Other
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
0

Other comprehensive income
 
$
388

 
$
86

 
$
302

 
$
1,107

 
$
277

 
$
830


 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Before
Tax
 
Provision
(Benefit)
 
After
Tax
 
Before
Tax
 
Provision
(Benefit)
 
After
Tax
Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains on securities available for sale
 
$
1,902

 
$
456

 
$
1,446

 
$
742

 
$
178

 
$
564

Net unrealized gains on hedging relationships
 
1,884

 
453

 
1,431

 
1,073

 
259

 
814

Foreign currency translation adjustments(1)
 
(1
)
 
43

 
(44
)
 
52

 
7

 
45

Net changes in securities held to maturity
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
16

 
4

 
12

Other
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(3
)
 
(1
)
 
(2
)
Other comprehensive income
 
$
3,785

 
$
952

 
$
2,833

 
$
1,880

 
$
447

 
$
1,433

__________
(1) 
Includes the impact of hedging instruments designated as net investment hedges.

 
 
121
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


NOTE 10—EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.
Table 10.1: Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
 
$
(917
)
 
$
1,616

 
$
(2,257
)
 
$
3,026

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
(1
)
 
9

 
(1
)
 
11

Net income (loss)
 
(918
)
 
1,625

 
(2,258
)
 
3,037

Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
 
(1
)
 
(12
)
 
(4
)
 
(24
)
Preferred stock dividends
 
(90
)
 
(80
)
 
(145
)
 
(132
)
Issuance cost for redeemed preferred stock
 
0

 
0

 
(22
)
 
0

Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
 
$
(1,009
)
 
$
1,533

 
$
(2,429
)
 
$
2,881

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total weighted-average basic common shares outstanding
 
456.7

 
470.8

 
457.1

 
470.1

Effect of dilutive securities:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options
 
0.0

 
1.3

 
0.0

 
1.2

Other contingently issuable shares
 
0.0

 
0.9

 
0.0

 
1.0

Total effect of dilutive securities
 
0.0

 
2.2

 
0.0

 
2.2

Total weighted-average diluted common shares outstanding
 
456.7

 
473.0

 
457.1

 
472.3

Basic earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
(2.21
)
 
$
3.24

 
$
(5.31
)
 
$
6.11

Income from discontinued operations
 
0.00

 
0.02

 
0.00

 
0.02

Net income (loss) per basic common share
 
$
(2.21
)
 
$
3.26

 
$
(5.31
)
 
$
6.13

Diluted earnings per common share:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
(2.21
)
 
$
3.22

 
$
(5.31
)
 
$
6.08

Income from discontinued operations
 
0.00

 
0.02

 
0.00

 
0.02

Net income (loss) per diluted common share
 
$
(2.21
)
 
$
3.24

 
$
(5.31
)
 
$
6.10

__________
(1) 
In periods of net loss, dilutive securities are excluded as their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect. Accordingly, awards of 362 thousand shares and options of 2.6 million shares with an exercise price ranging from $45.75 to $86.34 and awards of 956 thousand shares and options of 2.7 million shares with an exercise price ranging from $36.55 to $86.34 were excluded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, no shares were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, 137 thousand shares related to options with an exercise price of $86.34 were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.



 
 
122
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


NOTE 11—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
Fair value, also referred to as an exit price, is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value accounting guidance provides a three-level fair value hierarchy for classifying financial instruments. This hierarchy is based on the markets in which the assets or liabilities trade and whether the inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value are observable or unobservable. The fair value measurement of a financial asset or liability is assigned a level based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
Level 1:
 
Valuation is based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2:
 
Valuation is based on observable market-based inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3:
 
Valuation is generated from techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. Valuation techniques include pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques.
The accounting guidance for fair value measurements requires that we maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs in determining fair value. The accounting guidance provides for the irrevocable option to elect, on a contract-by-contract basis, to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value at inception of the contract and record any subsequent changes in fair value in earnings.
The determination and classification of financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy is performed at the end of each reporting period. We consider all available information, including observable market data, indications of market liquidity and orderliness, and our understanding of the valuation techniques and significant inputs. For additional information on the valuation techniques used in estimating the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis, see “Note 16—Fair Value Measurement” in our 2019 Form 10-K.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table displays our assets and liabilities measured on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 11.1: Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
Netting Adjustments(1)
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
 
$
4,362

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
—

 
$
4,362

RMBS
 
0

 
71,540

 
474

 
—

 
72,014

CMBS
 
0

 
10,118

 
282

 
—

 
10,400

Other securities
 
194

 
889

 
0

 
—

 
1,083

Total securities available for sale
 
4,556

 
82,547

 
756

 
—

 
87,859

Loans held for sale
 
0

 
668

 
0

 
—

 
668

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets(2)
 
301

 
4,383

 
151

 
$
(2,226
)
 
2,609

Other(3)
 
348

 
0

 
56

 
—

 
404

Total assets
 
$
5,205

 
$
87,598

 
$
963

 
$
(2,226
)
 
$
91,540

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities(2)
 
$
220

 
$
1,877

 
$
117

 
$
(754
)
 
$
1,460

Total liabilities
 
$
220

 
$
1,877

 
$
117

 
$
(754
)
 
$
1,460


 
 
123
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
Netting Adjustments(1)
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
 
$
4,124

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
—

 
$
4,124

RMBS
 
0

 
63,909

 
429

 
—

 
64,338

CMBS
 
0

 
9,413

 
13

 
—

 
9,426

Other securities
 
231

 
1,094

 
0

 
—

 
1,325

Total securities available for sale
 
4,355

 
74,416

 
442

 
—

 
79,213

Loans held for sale
 
0

 
251

 
0

 
—

 
251

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets(2)
 
84

 
1,568

 
77

 
$
(633
)
 
1,096

Other(3)
 
344

 
0

 
66

 
—

 
410

Total assets
 
$
4,783

 
$
76,235

 
$
585

 
$
(633
)
 
$
80,970

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities(2)
 
$
17

 
$
1,129

 
$
51

 
$
(523
)
 
$
674

Total liabilities
 
$
17

 
$
1,129

 
$
51

 
$
(523
)
 
$
674

__________
(1) 
Represents balance sheet netting of derivative assets and liabilities, and related payables and receivables for cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparty. See “Note 8—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” for additional information.
(2) 
Does not reflect $33 million and $12 million recognized as a net valuation allowance on derivative assets and liabilities for non-performance risk as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Non-performance risk is included in derivative assets and liabilities, which are part of other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, and is offset through non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
(3) 
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, other includes retained interests in securitizations of $56 million and $66 million, deferred compensation plan assets of $347 million and $343 million, and equity securities of $1 million, respectively.
Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Rollforward
The table below presents a reconciliation for all assets and liabilities measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. Generally, transfers into Level 3 were primarily driven by the usage of unobservable assumptions in the pricing of these financial instruments as evidenced by wider pricing variations among pricing vendors and transfers out of Level 3 were primarily driven by the usage of assumptions corroborated by market observable information as evidenced by tighter pricing among multiple pricing sources.
Table 11.2: Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Rollforward
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
 
 
 
Total Gains (Losses) (Realized/Unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Net Income Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of
June 30, 2020(1)
(Dollars in millions)
 
Balance, April 1, 2020
 
Included
in Net
Income(1)
 
Included in OCI
 
Purchases
 
Sales
 
Issuances
 
Settlements
 
Transfers
Into
Level 3
 
Transfers
Out of
Level 3
 
Balance, June 30, 2020
 
Securities available for sale:(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RMBS
 
$
373

 
$
6

 
$
29

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
(16
)
 
$
131

 
$
(49
)
 
$
474

 
$
7

CMBS
 
36

 
0

 
(1
)
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(3
)
 
250

 
0

 
282

 
(3
)
Total securities available for sale
 
409

 
6

 
28

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(19
)
 
381

 
(49
)
 
756

 
4

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retained interests in securitizations
 
59

 
(3
)
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
56

 
(3
)
Net derivative assets (liabilities)(4)
 
66

 
(8
)
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
2

 
(26
)
 
0

 
0

 
34

 
0


 
 
124
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
 
 
 
Total Gains (Losses) (Realized/Unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Net Income Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of
June 30, 2020(1)
(Dollars in millions)
 
Balance, January 1, 2020
 
Included
in Net
Income(1)
 
Included in OCI
 
Purchases
 
Sales
 
Issuances
 
Settlements
 
Transfers
Into
Level 3
 
Transfers
Out of
Level 3
 
Balance, June 30, 2020
 
Securities available for sale:(2)(3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RMBS
 
$
433

 
$
9

 
$
(24
)
 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
(33
)
 
$
140

 
$
(51
)
 
$
474

 
$
10

CMBS
 
13

 
0

 
(1
)
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(3
)
 
273

 
0

 
282

 
(3
)
Total securities available for sale
 
446

 
9


(25
)
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(36
)
 
413

 
(51
)
 
756

 
7

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retained interests in securitizations
 
66

 
(10
)
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
56

 
(10
)
Net derivative assets (liabilities)(4)
 
26

 
12

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
26

 
(28
)
 
0

 
(2
)
 
34

 
18

 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
Total Gains (Losses)
(Realized/Unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Net Income Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of
June 30, 2019(1)
(Dollars in millions)
 
Balance, April 1, 2019
 
Included
in Net
Income(1)
 
Included in OCI
 
Purchases
 
Sales
 
Issuances
 
Settlements
 
Transfers
Into
Level 3
 
Transfers
Out of
Level 3
 
Balance, June 30, 2019
 
Securities available for sale:(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RMBS
 
$
434

 
$
9

 
$
2

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
(13
)
 
$
97

 
$
(14
)
 
$
515

 
$
10

CMBS
 
9

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
9

 
0

Total securities available for sale
 
443

 
9

 
2

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(13
)
 
97

 
(14
)
 
524

 
10

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retained interest in securitizations
 
155

 
22

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
177

 
22

Net derivative assets (liabilities)(4)
 
6

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(7
)
 
8

 
0

 
(1
)
 
6

 
(2
)
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
Total Gains (Losses)
(Realized/Unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Net Income Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of
June 30, 2019(1)
(Dollars in millions)
 
Balance, January 1, 2019
 
Included
in Net
Income(1)
 
Included in OCI
 
Purchases
 
Sales
 
Issuances
 
Settlements
 
Transfers
Into
Level 3
 
Transfers
Out of
Level 3
 
Balance, June 30, 2019
 
Securities available for sale:(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RMBS
 
$
433

 
$
17

 
$
13

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
(25
)
 
$
114

 
$
(37
)
 
$
515

 
$
20

CMBS
 
10

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(1
)
 
0

 
0

 
9

 
0

Total securities available for sale
 
443

 
17

 
13

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(26
)
 
114

 
(37
)
 
524

 
20

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retained interest in securitizations
 
158

 
19

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
177

 
19

Net derivative assets (liabilities)(4)
 
(10
)
 
5

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(13
)
 
27

 
0

 
(3
)
 
6

 
4

__________

 
 
125
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


(1) 
Realized gains (losses) on securities available for sale are included in net securities gains (losses), and retained interests in securitizations are reported as a component of non-interest income in our consolidated statements of income. Gains (losses) on derivatives are included as a component of net interest income or non-interest income in our consolidated statements of income.
(2) 
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, included in OCI related to Level 3 securities available for sale still held as of June 30, 2020 were net unrealized gains of $36 million and net unrealized losses of $23 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, net unrealized gains included in OCI related to Level 3 securities available for sale still held as of June 30, 2019 were $3 million and $13 million, respectively.
(3) 
The fair value of RMBS as of January 1, 2020 includes a cumulative adjustment of $4 million from the adoption of the CECL standard.
(4) 
Includes derivative assets and liabilities of $151 million and $117 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2020, $70 million and $64 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2019.
Significant Level 3 Fair Value Asset and Liability Inputs
Generally, uncertainties in fair value measurements of financial instruments, such as changes in unobservable inputs, may have a significant impact on fair value. Certain of these unobservable inputs will, in isolation, have a directionally consistent impact on the fair value of the instrument for a given change in that input. Alternatively, the fair value of the instrument may move in an opposite direction for a given change in another input. In general, an increase in the discount rate, default rates, loss severity and credit spreads, in isolation, would result in a decrease in the fair value measurement. In addition, an increase in default rates would generally be accompanied by a decrease in recovery rates, slower prepayment rates and an increase in liquidity spreads.
Techniques and Inputs for Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents the significant unobservable inputs used to determine the fair values of our Level 3 financial instruments on a recurring basis. We utilize multiple vendor pricing services to obtain fair value for our securities. Several of our vendor pricing services are only able to provide unobservable input information for a limited number of securities due to software licensing restrictions. Other vendor pricing services are able to provide unobservable input information for all securities for which they provide a valuation. As a result, the unobservable input information for the securities available for sale presented below represents a composite summary of all information we are able to obtain. The unobservable input information for all other Level 3 financial instruments is based on the assumptions used in our internal valuation models.

 
 
126
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Table 11.3: Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
 
 
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in millions)
 
Fair Value at
June 30,
2020
 
Significant
Valuation
Techniques
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted
Average(1)
Securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RMBS
 
$
474

 
Discounted cash flows (vendor pricing)
 
Yield
Voluntary prepayment rate
Default rate
Loss severity
 
0-12%
5-10%
1-11%
30-100%
 
4%
8%
2%
67%
CMBS
 
282

 
Discounted cash flows (vendor pricing)
 
Yield
 
1-2%
 
1%
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retained interests in securitizations(2)
 
56

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Life of receivables (months)
Voluntary prepayment rate
Discount rate
Default rate
Loss severity
 
33-52
3-14%
2-12%
3-4%
70-72%
 
N/A
Net derivative assets (liabilities)
 
34

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Swap rates
 
1%
 
1%
 
 
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in millions)
 
Fair Value at
December 31,
2019
 
Significant
Valuation
Techniques
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted
Average(1)
Securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RMBS
 
$
429

 
Discounted cash flows (vendor pricing)
 
Yield
Voluntary prepayment rate
Default rate
Loss severity
 
2-18%
0-18%
1-6%
30-95%
 
5%
10%
2%
67%
CMBS
 
13

 
Discounted cash flows (vendor pricing)
 
Yield
 
2-3%
 
2%
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retained interests in securitizations(2)
 
66

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Life of receivables (months)
Voluntary prepayment rate
Discount rate
Default rate
Loss severity
 
35-51
4-14%
3-10%
2-3%
74-88%
 
N/A
Net derivative assets (liabilities)
 
26

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Swap rates
 
2%
 
2%
__________
(1) 
Weighted averages are calculated by using the product of the input multiplied by the relative fair value of the instruments.
(2) 
Due to the nature of the various mortgage securitization structures in which we have retained interests, it is not meaningful to present a consolidated weighted average for the significant unobservable inputs.

 
 
127
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
We are required to measure and recognize certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on the consolidated balance sheets. These assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, from the application of lower of cost or fair value accounting or when we evaluate for impairment).
The following table presents the carrying value of the assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and still held as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for which a nonrecurring fair value measurement was recorded during the six and twelve months then ended.
Table 11.4: Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
 
Estimated Fair Value Hierarchy
 
Total
(Dollars in millions)
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Loans held for investment
 
$
0

 
$
289

 
$
289

Other assets(1)
 
0

 
52

 
52

Total
 
$
0

 
$
341

 
$
341

 
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Estimated Fair Value Hierarchy
 
Total
(Dollars in millions)
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Loans held for investment
 
$
0

 
$
294

 
$
294

Other assets(1)
 
0

 
103

 
103

Total
 
$
0

 
$
397

 
$
397

__________
(1) 
As of June 30, 2020, other assets included equity investments accounted for under the measurement alternative of $28 million, repossessed assets of $23 million and long-lived assets held for sale of $1 million. As of December 31, 2019, other assets included equity investments accounted for under the measurement alternative of $5 million, repossessed assets of $61 million and long-lived assets held for sale of $37 million.
In the above table, loans held for investment are generally valued based in part on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral and the non-recoverable rate, which is considered to be a significant unobservable input. The non-recoverable rate ranged from 0% to 15%, with a weighted average of 3%, and from 0% to 50%, with a weighted average of 6%, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The weighted average non-recoverable rate is calculated based on the estimated market value of the underlying collateral. The significant unobservable inputs and related quantitative information related to fair value of the other assets are not meaningful to disclose as they vary significantly across properties and collateral.
The following table presents total nonrecurring fair value measurements for the period, included in earnings, attributable to the change in fair value relating to assets that are still held at June 30, 2020 and 2019.
Table 11.5: Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements Included in Earnings
 
 
Total Gains (Losses)
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2020
 
2019
Loans held for investment
 
$
(253
)
 
$
(132
)
Loans held for sale
 
0

 
(1
)
Other assets(1)
 
(22
)
 
(57
)
Total
 
$
(275
)
 
$
(190
)
__________
(1) 
Other assets include fair value adjustments related to repossessed assets, long-lived assets held for sale and equity investments accounted for under the measurement alternative.

 
 
128
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value, including the level within the fair value hierarchy, of our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis on our consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Table 11.6: Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
 
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Estimated Fair Value Hierarchy
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
55,818

 
$
55,818

 
$
4,583

 
$
51,235

 
$
0

Restricted cash for securitization investors
 
740

 
740

 
740

 
0

 
0

Net loans held for investment
 
234,680

 
242,893

 
0

 
0

 
242,893

Loans held for sale
 
43

 
43

 
0

 
43

 
0

Interest receivable
 
1,574

 
1,574

 
0

 
1,574

 
0

Other investments(1)
 
1,341

 
1,341

 
0

 
1,341

 
0

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits with defined maturities
 
43,912

 
44,452

 
0

 
44,452

 
0

Securitized debt obligations
 
15,761

 
15,933

 
0

 
15,933

 
0

Senior and subordinated notes
 
28,481

 
28,771

 
0

 
28,771

 
0

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase
 
573

 
573

 
0

 
573

 
0

Interest payable
 
380

 
380

 
0

 
380

 
0

 
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Estimated Fair Value Hierarchy
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
13,407

 
$
13,407

 
$
4,129

 
$
9,278

 
$
0

Restricted cash for securitization investors
 
342

 
342

 
342

 
0

 
0

Net loans held for investment
 
258,601

 
258,696

 
0

 
0

 
258,696

Loans held for sale
 
149

 
149

 
0

 
149

 
0

Interest receivable
 
1,758

 
1,758

 
0

 
1,758

 
0

Other investments(1)
 
1,638

 
1,638

 
0

 
1,638

 
0

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits with defined maturities
 
44,958

 
45,225

 
0

 
45,225

 
0

Securitized debt obligations
 
17,808

 
17,941

 
0

 
17,941

 
0

Senior and subordinated notes
 
30,472

 
31,233

 
0

 
31,233

 
0

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase
 
314

 
314

 
0

 
314

 
0

Other borrowings(2)
 
7,000

 
7,001

 
0

 
7,001

 
0

Interest payable
 
439

 
439

 
0

 
439

 
0

__________
(1) 
Other investments include FHLB and Federal Reserve stock. These investments are included in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
(2) 
Other borrowings excludes finance lease liabilities.

 
 
129
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


NOTE 12—BUSINESS SEGMENTS AND REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Our principal operations are organized into three major business segments, which are defined primarily based on the products and services provided or the types of customers served: Credit Card, Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking. The operations of acquired businesses have been integrated into our existing business segments. Certain activities that are not part of a segment, such as management of our corporate investment portfolio, asset/liability management by our centralized Corporate Treasury group and residual tax expense or benefit to arrive at the consolidated effective tax rate that is not assessed to our primary business segments, are included in the Other category.
Basis of Presentation
We report the results of each of our business segments on a continuing operations basis. The results of our individual businesses reflect the manner in which management evaluates performance and makes decisions about funding our operations and allocating resources.
Business Segment Reporting Methodology
The results of our business segments are intended to present each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. Our internal management and reporting process used to derive our segment results employs various allocation methodologies, including funds transfer pricing, to assign certain balance sheet assets, deposits and other liabilities and their related revenue and expenses directly or indirectly attributable to each business segment. Our funds transfer pricing process provides a funds credit for sources of funds, such as deposits generated by our Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking businesses, and a funds charge for the use of funds by each segment. Due to the integrated nature of our business segments, estimates and judgments have been made in allocating certain revenue and expense items. Transactions between segments are based on specific criteria or approximate third-party rates. We regularly assess the assumptions, methodologies and reporting classifications used for segment reporting, which may result in the implementation of refinements or changes in future periods. We provide additional information on the allocation methodologies used to derive our business segment results in “Note 17—Business Segments and Revenue from Contracts with Customers” in our 2019 Form 10-K.
Segment Results and Reconciliation
We may periodically change our business segments or reclassify business segment results based on modifications to our management reporting methodologies or changes in organizational alignment. The following table presents our business segment results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, selected balance sheet data as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, and a reconciliation of our total business segment results to our reported consolidated income from continuing operations, loans held for investment and deposits.

 
 
130
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


Table 12.1: Segment Results and Reconciliation
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking(1)
 
Other(1)
 
Consolidated Total
Net interest income (loss)
 
$
3,369

 
$
1,665

 
$
518

 
$
(92
)
 
$
5,460

Non-interest income (loss)
 
845

 
97

 
180

 
(26
)
 
1,096

Total net revenue (loss)(2)
 
4,214

 
1,762

 
698

 
(118
)
 
6,556

Provision (benefit) for credit losses
 
2,944

 
876

 
427

 
(1
)
 
4,246

Non-interest expense
 
1,969

 
1,036

 
425

 
340

 
3,770

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
 
(699
)
 
(150
)
 
(154
)
 
(457
)
 
(1,460
)
Income tax benefit
 
(166
)
 
(36
)
 
(36
)
 
(305
)
 
(543
)
Loss from continuing operations, net of tax
 
$
(533
)
 
$
(114
)
 
$
(118
)
 
$
(152
)
 
$
(917
)
Loans held for investment
 
$
107,310

 
$
66,712

 
$
77,490

 
$
0

 
$
251,512

Deposits
 
0

 
246,804

 
35,669

 
21,765

 
304,238

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking(1)
 
Other(1)
 
Consolidated Total
Net interest income
 
$
7,071

 
$
3,322

 
$
1,009

 
$
83

 
$
11,485

Non-interest income (loss)
 
1,756

 
223

 
418

 
(77
)
 
2,320

Total net revenue(2)
 
8,827

 
3,545

 
1,427

 
6

 
13,805

Provision for credit losses
 
6,646

 
1,736

 
1,283

 
4

 
9,669

Non-interest expense
 
4,177

 
2,027

 
837

 
458

 
7,499

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
 
(1,996
)
 
(218
)
 
(693
)
 
(456
)
 
(3,363
)
Income tax benefit
 
(472
)
 
(52
)
 
(164
)
 
(418
)
 
(1,106
)
Loss from continuing operations, net of tax
 
$
(1,524
)
 
$
(166
)
 
$
(529
)
 
$
(38
)
 
$
(2,257
)
Loans held for investment
 
$
107,310

 
$
66,712

 
$
77,490

 
$
0

 
$
251,512

Deposits
 
0

 
246,804

 
35,669

 
21,765

 
304,238

 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking(1)
 
Other(1)
 
Consolidated Total
Net interest income (loss)
 
$
3,531

 
$
1,709

 
$
514

 
$
(8
)
 
$
5,746

Non-interest income (loss)
 
1,038

 
166

 
200

 
(26
)
 
1,378

Total net revenue (loss)
 
4,569

 
1,875

 
714

 
(34
)
 
7,124

Provision for credit losses
 
1,095

 
165

 
82

 
0

 
1,342

Non-interest expense
 
2,253

 
1,002

 
427

 
97

 
3,779

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
 
1,221

 
708

 
205

 
(131
)
 
2,003

Income tax provision (benefit)
 
283

 
165

 
48

 
(109
)
 
387

Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
 
$
938

 
$
543

 
$
157

 
$
(22
)
 
$
1,616

Loans held for investment
 
$
112,141

 
$
60,327

 
$
71,992

 
$
0

 
$
244,460

Deposits
 
0

 
205,220

 
30,761

 
18,554

 
254,535


 
 
131
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking(1)
 
Other(1)
 
Consolidated Total
Net interest income
 
$
7,121

 
$
3,388

 
$
1,003

 
$
25

 
$
11,537

Non-interest income (loss)
 
1,988

 
326

 
387

 
(31
)
 
2,670

Total net revenue (loss)
 
9,109

 
3,714

 
1,390

 
(6
)
 
14,207

Provision for credit losses
 
2,484

 
400

 
151

 
0

 
3,035

Non-interest expense
 
4,424

 
1,996

 
844

 
186

 
7,450

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
 
2,201

 
1,318

 
395

 
(192
)
 
3,722

Income tax provision (benefit)
 
512

 
307

 
92

 
(215
)
 
696

Income from continuing operations, net of tax
 
$
1,689

 
$
1,011

 
$
303

 
$
23

 
$
3,026

Loans held for investment
 
$
112,141

 
$
60,327

 
$
71,992

 
$
0

 
$
244,460

Deposits
 
0

 
205,220

 
30,761

 
18,554

 
254,535

__________
(1) 
Some of our commercial investments generate tax-exempt income, tax credits or other tax benefits. Accordingly, we present our Commercial Banking revenue and yields on a taxable-equivalent basis, calculated using the federal statutory tax rate of 21% and state taxes where applicable, with offsetting reductions to the Other category.
(2) 
Total net revenue was reduced by $318 million and $707 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, for credit card finance charges and fees charged off as uncollectible.    
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The majority of our revenue from contracts with customers consists of interchange fees, service charges and other customer-related fees, and other contract revenue. Interchange fees are primarily from our Credit Card business and are recognized upon settlement with the interchange networks, net of rewards earned by customers. Service charges and other customer-related fees within our Consumer Banking business are primarily related to fees earned on consumer deposit accounts for account maintenance and various transaction-based services such as overdrafts and ATM usage. Service charges and other customer-related fees within our Commercial Banking business are mostly related to fees earned on treasury management and capital markets services. Other contract revenue in our Credit Card business consists primarily of revenue from our partnership arrangements. Other contract revenue in our Consumer Banking business consists primarily of revenue earned on certain marketing and promotional events from our auto dealers. Revenue from contracts with customers is included in non-interest income in our consolidated statements of income.
The following table presents revenue from contracts with customers and a reconciliation to non-interest income by business segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
Table 12.2: Revenue from Contracts with Customers and Reconciliation to Segments Result
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking(1)
 
Other(1)
 
Consolidated Total
Contract revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interchange fees, net(2)
 
$
612

 
$
48

 
$
13

 
$
(1
)
 
$
672

Service charges and other customer-related fees
 
0

 
31

 
43

 
(1
)
 
73

Other
 
57

 
3

 
0

 
0

 
60

Total contract revenue
 
669

 
82

 
56

 
(2
)
 
805

Revenue from other sources
 
176

 
15

 
124

 
(24
)
 
291

Total non-interest income
 
$
845

 
$
97

 
$
180

 
$
(26
)
 
$
1,096


 
 
132
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking(1)
 
Other(1)
 
Consolidated Total
Contract revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interchange fees, net(2)
 
$
1,300

 
$
98

 
$
28

 
$
(2
)
 
$
1,424

Service charges and other customer-related fees
 
0

 
95

 
74

 
(1
)
 
168

Other
 
127

 
22

 
1

 
0

 
150

Total contract revenue
 
1,427

 
215

 
103

 
(3
)
 
1,742

Revenue from other sources
 
329

 
8

 
315

 
(74
)
 
578

Total non-interest income
 
$
1,756

 
$
223

 
$
418

 
$
(77
)
 
$
2,320

 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking(1)
 
Other(1)
 
Consolidated Total
Contract revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interchange fees, net(2)
 
$
757

 
$
52

 
$
13

 
$
(2
)
 
$
820

Service charges and other customer-related fees
 
0

 
74

 
28

 
0

 
102

Other
 
20

 
26

 
1

 
0

 
47

Total contract revenue
 
777

 
152

 
42

 
(2
)
 
969

Revenue from other sources
 
261

 
14

 
158

 
(24
)
 
409

Total non-interest income
 
$
1,038

 
$
166

 
$
200

 
$
(26
)
 
$
1,378

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
 
Credit Card
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking(1)
 
Other(1)
 
Consolidated Total
Contract revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interchange fees, net(2)
 
$
1,459

 
$
98

 
$
24

 
$
(3
)
 
$
1,578

Service charges and other customer-related fees
 
0

 
149

 
53

 
0

 
202

Other
 
32

 
50

 
1

 
0

 
83

Total contract revenue
 
1,491

 
297

 
78

 
(3
)
 
1,863

Revenue from other sources
 
497

 
29

 
309

 
(28
)
 
807

Total non-interest income
 
$
1,988

 
$
326

 
$
387

 
$
(31
)
 
$
2,670

__________
(1) 
Some of our commercial investments generate tax-exempt income, tax credits or other tax benefits. Accordingly, we present our Commercial Banking revenue and yields on a taxable-equivalent basis, calculated using the federal statutory tax rate of 21% and state taxes where applicable, with offsetting reductions to the Other category.
(2) 
Interchange fees are presented net of customer reward expenses.

 
 
133
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


NOTE 13—COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES, GUARANTEES AND OTHERS
Commitments to Lend
Our unfunded lending commitments primarily consist of credit card lines, loan commitments to customers of both our Commercial Banking and Consumer Banking businesses, as well as standby and commercial letters of credit. These commitments, other than credit card lines, are legally binding conditional agreements that have fixed expirations or termination dates and specified interest rates and purposes. The contractual amount of these commitments represents the maximum possible credit risk to us should the counterparty draw upon the commitment. We generally manage the potential risk of unfunded lending commitments by limiting the total amount of arrangements, monitoring the size and maturity structure of these portfolios, and applying the same credit standards for all of our credit activities.
For unused credit card lines, we have not experienced and do not anticipate that all of our customers will access their entire available line at any given point in time. Commitments to extend credit other than credit card lines generally require customers to maintain certain credit standards. Collateral requirements and loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios are the same as those for funded transactions and are established based on management’s credit assessment of the customer. These commitments may expire without being drawn upon; therefore, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future funding requirements.
We also issue letters of credit, such as financial standby, performance standby and commercial letters of credit, to meet the financing needs of our customers. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by us to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party in a borrowing arrangement. Commercial letters of credit are short-term commitments issued primarily to facilitate trade finance activities for customers and are generally collateralized by the goods being shipped to the customer. These collateral requirements are similar to those for funded transactions and are established based on management’s credit assessment of the customer. Management conducts regular reviews of all outstanding letters of credit and the results of these reviews are considered in assessing the adequacy of reserves for unfunded lending commitments.
The following table presents the contractual amount and carrying value of our unfunded lending commitments as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The carrying value represents our reserve and deferred revenue on legally binding commitments.
Table 13.1: Unfunded Lending Commitments
 
 
Contractual Amount
 
Carrying Value
(Dollars in millions)
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
Credit card lines
 
$
365,410

 
$
363,446

 
N/A

 
N/A

Other loan commitments(1)
 
32,631

 
36,454

 
$
156

 
$
110

Standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit(2)
 
1,442

 
1,574

 
43

 
27

Total unfunded lending commitments
 
$
399,483

 
$
401,474

 
$
199

 
$
137

__________
(1) 
Includes $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion of advised lines of credit as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(2) 
These financial guarantees have expiration dates ranging from 2020 to 2023 as of June 30, 2020.
Loss Sharing Agreements
Within our Commercial Banking business, we originate multifamily commercial real estate loans with the intent to sell them to the GSEs. We enter into loss sharing agreements with the GSEs upon the sale of the loans. Beginning January 1, 2020, we elected the fair value option on new loss sharing agreements. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded in other non-interest income in our consolidated statements of income. For those loss sharing agreements entered into as of December 31, 2019, we amortize the liability recorded at inception into non-interest income as we are released from risk of payment under the loss sharing agreement and record our estimate of expected credit losses each period in provision for credit losses in our consolidated statements of income. The liability recognized on our consolidated balance sheets for these loss sharing agreements was $96 million and $75 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
See “Note 4—Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments” for more information related to our credit card partnership loss sharing arrangements.

 
 
134
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


U.K. Payment Protection Insurance
In the U.K., we previously sold payment protection insurance (“PPI”). In response to an elevated level of customer complaints across the industry, heightened media coverage and pressure from consumer advocacy groups, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), formerly the Financial Services Authority, investigated and raised concerns about the way the industry has handled complaints related to the sale of these insurance policies. For the past several years, the U.K.’s Financial Ombudsman Service (“FOS”) has been adjudicating customer complaints relating to PPI, escalated to it by consumers who disagree with the rejection of their complaint by firms, leading to customer remediation payments by us and others within the industry. In August 2017, the FCA issued final rules and guidance on the PPI complaints. This set the deadline for complaints as August 29, 2019. It also provided clarity on how to handle PPI complaints under s.140A of the Consumer Credit Act, including guidance on how redress for such complaints should be calculated.
In determining our best estimate of incurred losses for future remediation payments, management considers numerous factors, including (i) the number of customer complaints or information requests still to be processed; (ii) our expectation of upholding those complaints; (iii) the expected number of complaints customers escalate to the FOS; (iv) our expectation of the FOS upholding such escalated complaints; (v) the number of complaints that fall under s.140A of the Consumer Credit Act; and (vi) the estimated remediation payout to customers. We monitor these factors each quarter and adjust our reserves to reflect the latest data.
Our U.K. PPI reserve totaled $76 million and $188 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, no additions were made to the reserve. Our best estimate of reasonably possible future losses beyond our reserve as of June 30, 2020 is approximately $50 million.
Litigation
In accordance with the current accounting standards for loss contingencies, we establish reserves for litigation-related matters that arise from the ordinary course of our business activities when it is probable that a loss associated with a claim or proceeding has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. None of the amounts we currently have recorded individually or in the aggregate are considered to be material to our financial condition. Litigation claims and proceedings of all types are subject to many uncertain factors that generally cannot be predicted with assurance. Below we provide a description of potentially material legal proceedings and claims.
For some of the matters disclosed below, we are able to estimate reasonably possible losses above existing reserves, and for other disclosed matters, such an estimate is not possible at this time. For those matters below where an estimate is possible, management currently estimates the reasonably possible future losses beyond our reserves as of June 30, 2020 are approximately $1.0 billion. Our reserve and reasonably possible loss estimates involve considerable judgment and reflect that there is still significant uncertainty regarding numerous factors that may impact the ultimate loss levels. Notwithstanding our attempt to estimate a reasonably possible range of loss beyond our current accrual levels for some litigation matters based on current information, it is possible that actual future losses will exceed both the current accrual level and the range of reasonably possible losses disclosed here. Given the inherent uncertainties involved in these matters, especially those involving governmental agencies, and the very large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, there is significant uncertainty as to the ultimate liability we may incur from these litigation matters and an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to our results of operations or cash flows for any particular reporting period.
Interchange
In 2005, a putative class of retail merchants filed antitrust lawsuits against MasterCard and Visa and several issuing banks, including Capital One, seeking both injunctive relief and monetary damages for an alleged conspiracy by defendants to fix the level of interchange fees. Other merchants have asserted similar claims in separate lawsuits, and while these separate cases did not name any issuing banks, Visa, MasterCard and issuers, including Capital One, have entered settlement and judgment sharing agreements allocating the liabilities of any judgment or settlement arising from all interchange-related cases.
The lawsuits were consolidated before the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York for certain purposes and were settled in 2012. The class settlement, however, was invalidated by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in June 2016, and the suit was bifurcated into separate class actions seeking injunctive and monetary relief, respectively. In addition, numerous merchant groups opted out of the 2012 settlement and have pursued their own claims. The claims by the injunctive relief class have not been resolved, but the settlement of $5.5 billion for the monetary damages class received final approval from the

 
 
135
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


trial court, and has been appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Visa and MasterCard have also settled a number of the opt-out cases, which required non-material payments from issuing banks, including Capital One. Visa created a litigation escrow account following its initial public offering of stock in 2008 that funds settlements for its member banks, and any settlements related to MasterCard-allocated losses have either already been paid or are reflected in our reserves.
Mortgage Representation and Warranty
We face residual exposure related to subsidiaries that originated residential mortgage loans and sold these loans to various purchasers, including purchasers who created securitization trusts. In connection with their sales of mortgage loans, these subsidiaries entered into agreements containing varying representations and warranties about, among other things, the ownership of the loan, the validity of the lien securing the loan, the loan’s compliance with any applicable criteria established by the purchaser, including underwriting guidelines and the existence of mortgage insurance, and the loan’s compliance with applicable federal, state and local laws. Each of these subsidiaries may be required to repurchase mortgage loans or indemnify certain purchasers and others against losses they incur in the event of certain breaches of these representations and warranties.
The substantial majority of our representation and warranty exposure has been resolved through litigation, and our remaining representation and warranty exposure is almost entirely litigation-related. Accordingly, we establish litigation reserves for representation and warranty losses that we consider to be both probable and reasonably estimable. The reserve process relies heavily on estimates, which are inherently uncertain, and requires the application of judgment. Our reserves and estimates of reasonably possible losses could be impacted by claims which may be brought by securitization trustees and sponsors, bond-insurers, investors, and GSEs, as well as claims brought by governmental agencies.
Anti-Money Laundering
In October 2018, we paid a civil monetary penalty of $100 million to resolve the monetary component of a July 2015 Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) consent order relating to our anti-money laundering (“AML”) program. The OCC lifted the AML consent order in November 2019.
The Department of Justice and the New York District Attorney’s Office have closed their investigations into certain former check casher clients of the Commercial Banking business and our AML program. We are in discussions with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) of the U.S. Department of Treasury to explore a potential regulatory resolution of its investigation into our AML program, which could include a monetary penalty.
Cybersecurity Incident
As a result of the Cybersecurity Incident announced on July 29, 2019, we are subject to numerous legal proceedings and other inquiries and could be the subject of additional proceedings and inquiries in the future.
Consumer class actions. To date, we have been named as a defendant in approximately 73 putative consumer class action cases (61 in U.S. federal courts and 12 in Canadian courts) alleging harm from the Cybersecurity Incident and seeking various remedies, including monetary and injunctive relief. The lawsuits allege breach of contract, negligence, violations of various privacy laws and a variety of other legal causes of action. The U.S. consumer class actions have been consolidated for pretrial proceedings before a multi-district litigation (“MDL”) panel in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Alexandria Division.
Securities class action. The Company and certain officers have also been named as defendants in a putative class action pending in the MDL alleging violations of certain federal securities laws in connection with statements and alleged omissions in securities filings relating to our information security standards and practices. The complaint seeks certification of a class of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired Capital One securities from July 23, 2015 to July 29, 2019, as well as unspecified monetary damages, costs and other relief.
Governmental inquiries. We have received inquiries and requests for information relating to the Cybersecurity Incident from Congress, federal banking regulators, relevant Canadian regulators, the Department of Justice, and the offices of approximately fourteen state Attorneys General. We are cooperating with these offices and responding to their inquiries.
In August 2020, we entered into consent orders with the Federal Reserve Board of Governors and the OCC resulting from regulatory reviews of the Cybersecurity Incident and relating to ongoing enhancements of our cybersecurity and operational risk management

 
 
136
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)


processes. Capital One will pay a $80 million penalty to the U.S. Treasury as part of the OCC agreement, which has been fully accrued as of June 30, 2020. The Federal Reserve Board agreement does not contain a monetary penalty.
Taxi Medallion Finance Investigations
Beginning in 2019, we have received subpoenas from the New York Attorney General’s office and from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York, Civil and Criminal Divisions, relating to investigations of the taxi medallion finance industry we exited beginning in 2015. The subpoenas seek, among other things, information regarding our lending counterparties and practices. We are cooperating with these investigations.
U.K. PPI Litigation
Some of the claimants in the U.K. PPI regulatory claims process described above have initiated legal proceedings. The significant increase in PPI regulatory claim volumes shortly before the August 29, 2019 claims submission deadline increases the potential exposure for PPI-related litigation, which is not subject to the August 29, 2019 deadline.
Other Pending and Threatened Litigation
In addition, we are commonly subject to various pending and threatened legal actions relating to the conduct of our normal business activities. In the opinion of management, the ultimate aggregate liability, if any, arising out of all such other pending or threatened legal actions, is not expected to be material to our consolidated financial position or our results of operations.

 
 
137
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
For a discussion of the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see “MD&A—Market Risk Profile.”
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Overview
We are required under applicable laws and regulations to maintain controls and procedures, which include disclosure controls and procedures as well as internal control over financial reporting, as further described below. 
(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures refer to controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our financial reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding our required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and we must apply judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures. 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”), our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of June 30, 2020, the end of the period covered by this Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2020, at a reasonable level of assurance, in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting information required to be disclosed within the time periods specified by the SEC rules and forms.
(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We regularly review our disclosure controls and procedures and make changes intended to ensure the quality of our financial reporting. There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred in the second quarter of 2020 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 
 
138
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information required by Item 103 of Regulation S-K is included in “Note 13—Commitments, Contingencies, Guarantees and Others.”
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We are not aware of any material changes from the risk factors set forth under “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2019 Form 10-K and “Part II—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table presents information related to the withholdings of our common stock for each calendar month in the second quarter of 2020. Commission costs are excluded from the amounts presented below.
 
 
Total Number
of Shares
Withheld(1)
 
Average
Price 
per Share
April
 
1,755

 
$
42.27

May
 
29,084

 
64.62

June
 
—

 
—

Total
 
30,839

 
63.35

__________
(1) 
Consists of shares withheld to cover taxes on restricted stock awards whose restrictions have lapsed. We suspended our 2019 Stock Repurchase Program in March 2020 and the program subsequently expired at the end of the second quarter of 2020, see “MD&A—Capital Management—Dividend Policy and Stock Purchases” for more information.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
Item 6. Exhibits
An index to exhibits has been filed as part of this Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

 
 
139
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

EXHIBIT INDEX
The following exhibits are incorporated by reference or filed herewith. Reference to the “2003 Form 10-K” is to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, filed on March 5, 2004.
Exhibit No.
 
Description
3.1
 
3.2
 
4.1.1
 
4.1.2
 
4.1.3
 
4.2
 
Pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K, copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt are not filed. The Company agrees to furnish a copy thereof to the SEC upon request.
31.1*
 
31.2*
 
32.1**
 
32.2**
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*
 
The cover page of Capital One Financial Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL (included within the Exhibit 101 attachments).
__________
+
Represents a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
*
Indicates a document being filed with this Form 10-Q.
**
Indicates a document being furnished with this Form 10-Q. Information in this Form 10-Q furnished herewith shall not be deemed to be “filed” for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 
 
140
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: August 6, 2020
 
By:
 
/s/ R. SCOTT BLACKLEY
 
 
 
 
 
R. Scott Blackley
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 

 
 
141
Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)
Exhibit


Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION FOR QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q OF CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL
CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
I, Richard D. Fairbank, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 of Capital One Financial Corporation;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date:
August 6, 2020
 
By:
 
/s/ RICHARD D. FAIRBANK
 
 
 
 
 
Richard D. Fairbank
Chair, Chief Executive Officer and President


Exhibit


Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION FOR QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q OF CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL
CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
I, R. Scott Blackley, certify that,
1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 of Capital One Financial Corporation;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date:
August 6, 2020
 
By:
 
/s/ R. SCOTT BLACKLEY
 
 
 
 
 
R. Scott Blackley
Chief Financial Officer


Exhibit


Exhibit 32.1
Certification
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
(Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code)
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), I, Richard D. Fairbank, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Capital One Financial Corporation ("Capital One"), a Delaware corporation , do hereby certify that:
1.
The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 (the “Form 10-Q”) of Capital One fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.
The information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Capital One.
Date:
August 6, 2020
 
By:
 
/s/ RICHARD D. FAIRBANK
 
 
 
 
 
Richard D. Fairbank
Chair, Chief Executive Officer and President
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Capital One and will be retained by Capital One and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.


Exhibit


Exhibit 32.2
Certification
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
(Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code)
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), I, R. Scott Blackley, Chief Financial Officer of Capital One Financial Corporation ("Capital One"), a Delaware corporation, do hereby certify that:
1.
The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 (the “Form 10-Q”) of Capital One fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.
The information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Capital One.
Date:
August 6, 2020
 
By:
 
/s/ R. SCOTT BLACKLEY
 
 
 
 
 
R. Scott Blackley
Chief Financial Officer
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Capital One and will be retained by Capital One and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.